Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Ghana was the first true African state. The reason why we are saying this is that most African states lived in tribal villages but Ghana was the centre of the gold trade. This gold trade opened new possibilities for the Ghanaians. The gold trade roots back to the 4th century, when African Soninke tribes were under the rule of the Maga, a Berber clan originating from Morocco. This clan has mastered trans-Saharan camel travel. They were known for trading salt for gold from the Soninke.

When the Arabs invaded North Africa, there was an upsurge in the trade in gold. Ghana became rich and soon after, the Soninke ousted the Maga and built their own nation under Kaya Magan Cisse, who became the Soninke king around 790.

Ghana’s ancient capital, Koumbi Salah, was the city where Africans and Berbers met and traded. Arab traders in the 9th century described Ghana as ‘the land of gold.’ The gold came from Asante and Senegal to the south and west. The trade routes led north and east to Morocco, Libya Aksum and so on to Europe and Asia.

Ghana had reached its peak in the 10th century. This was the country which controlled both the gold and salt trades. Other trading goods included woollen clothes, luxury items, leather goods and slaves. Traders transported goods hundreds of kilometres across the Sahara desert with camel caravans.

Question:
Maga, a Berber clan originated from:

Option 1: Morocco

Option 2: Senegal

Option 3: Aksum

Option 4: Libya

Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Ghana was the first true African state. The reason why we are saying this is that most African states lived in tribal villages but Ghana was the centre of the gold trade. This gold trade opened new possibilities for the Ghanaians. The gold trade roots back to the 4th century, when African Soninke tribes were under the rule of the Maga, a Berber clan originating from Morocco. This clan has mastered trans-Saharan camel travel. They were known for trading salt for gold from the Soninke.

When the Arabs invaded North Africa, there was an upsurge in the trade in gold. Ghana became rich and soon after, the Soninke ousted the Maga and built their own nation under Kaya Magan Cisse, who became the Soninke king around 790.

Ghana’s ancient capital, Koumbi Salah, was the city where Africans and Berbers met and traded. Arab traders in the 9th century described Ghana as ‘the land of gold.’ The gold came from Asante and Senegal to the south and west. The trade routes led north and east to Morocco, Libya Aksum and so on to Europe and Asia.

Ghana had reached its peak in the 10th century. This was the country which controlled both the gold and salt trades. Other trading goods included woollen clothes, luxury items, leather goods and slaves. Traders transported goods hundreds of kilometres across the Sahara desert with camel caravans.

Question:
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Controlled

Option 1: Profuse

Option 2: Promise

Option 3: Practicality

Option 4: Agitated

Question : There are few words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.

On April 1,2022 Pope Francis apologized  to First Nations, Inuit and Métis 1) ____________________, he acknowledged the amount of harm done by residential schools in Canada and marking a significant step in the church admitting its role in the 2) _________________ of Indigenous communities and children. Although the apology  was very important but it also raised questions as what it means when a pope apologises.

For once it is unthinkable that pope will apologise, as for accepting the fault  would mean that the church was 3) ___________________. However, the Second Vatican Council, an  assembly of bishops, cardinals, heads of religious orders and 4) ___________________ that met from 1962 to 1965 contributed towards the modernization of the church  shifted the church’s perspective on change and 5) _____________________ major changes. It also paved the way of admitting the fault.

Choose the correct word to be used in the blank 4.

Option 1:  theologians
 

Option 2:  adherent
 

Option 3: sanguine

Option 4: dexterity

Question : There are few words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.

On April 1,2022 Pope Francis apologized  to First Nations, Inuit and Métis 1) ____________________, he acknowledged the amount of harm done by residential schools in Canada and marking a significant step in the church admitting its role in the 2) _________________ of Indigenous communities and children. Although the apology  was very important but it also raised questions as what it means when a pope apologises.

For once it is unthinkable that pope will apologise, as for accepting the fault  would mean that the church was 3) ___________________. However, the Second Vatican Council, an  assembly of bishops, cardinals, heads of religious orders and 4) ___________________ that met from 1962 to 1965 contributed towards the modernization of the church  shifted the church’s perspective on change and 5) _____________________ major changes. It also paved the way of admitting the fault.

Choose the correct word to be used in the blank 5.

Option 1: dissimulated
 

Option 2: altruism

Option 3: instituted
 

Option 4: stupefaction

Question : There are few words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.

On April 1,2022 Pope Francis apologized  to First Nations, Inuit and Métis 1) ____________________, he acknowledged the amount of harm done by residential schools in Canada and marking a significant step in the church admitting its role in the 2) _________________ of Indigenous communities and children. Although the apology  was very important but it also raised questions as what it means when a pope apologises.

For once it is unthinkable that pope will apologise, as for accepting the fault  would mean that the church was 3) ___________________. However, the Second Vatican Council, an  assembly of bishops, cardinals, heads of religious orders and 4) ___________________ that met from 1962 to 1965 contributed towards the modernization of the church  shifted the church’s perspective on change and 5) _____________________ major changes. It also paved the way of admitting the fault.

Choose the correct word to be used in the blank 3

Option 1: eclectic

Option 2: languid
 

Option 3: religious
 

Option 4: sinful