List of Online Courses and Certifications

Ethics in Action programme is an intermediate course that focuses on the moral challenges of sustainable development and the idea of virtue ethics which is extremely relevant today. The programme curriculum has been curated by SDGAcademyX and is spread throughout 10 modules. It also aims to explain what virtue ethics mean in different major philosophical and religious traditions. Further, you will learn about the biggest world challenges such as poverty, climate change, corruption, etc.

The Ethics in Action online course calls for virtue ethics to make our world and future more peaceful and sustainable. You will be introduced to the concepts of ethics in action, religion and virtue ethics, environmental justice, politics, and power and more. This learning programme includes video chapters, case studies, extra readings, a discussion forum, and other learning resources to help you excel. 

Moreover, you also have the option to purchase a verified certificate after completing the Ethics in Action certification programme. Also, the 'Verified Track' will provide you with unlimited access to the course material, feedback, and graded assignments. For free, the candidates can audit the self-paced programme for a limited period. 

The Research Methods: A Practical Guide to Peer and Community Research Certification Course is a 100% online course developed by the faculty of King’s College London. The course available on the FutureLearn platform will discuss important aspects of research with a special focus on ethical research projects.

Through the Research Methods: A Practical Guide to Peer and Community Research Live Course, learners will be introduced to relevant research methodologies, research ethics, and research questions through the most effective learning atmosphere. The course will be delivered by Annahita Ehsan and Charlotte Woodhead of King's College London.

The Research Methods: A Practical Guide to Peer and Community Research Training Course is a self-guided course that enables learners to proceed at their own pace. You will be engaged in discussions and active assessments and upon successful completion will receive a digital course certificate.

The Blended Learning Essentials for Vocational Education and Training is designed to equip educators with essential knowledge and skills to effectively implement blended learning in their teaching practices. The Blended Learning Essentials for Vocational Education and Training certification by FutureLearn combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning elements, which is a pedagogical approach that has revolutionised the way we learn, making it more engaging and challenging in the digital age.

Throughout the Blended Learning Essentials for Vocational Education and Training certification course, teachers and trainers will explore the main principles of blended learning and learn how to embed it in their teaching practice. They will receive support from experienced digital champions to assess their readiness for adopting blended learning and receive practical advice on when and how to implement it in their classrooms.

Participants will have the opportunity to review various case studies from different sectors, enabling them to compare and find the most suitable blended learning model for their specific learning environment.

You may be familiar with what DNA is, but there are some facts about DNA that are possibly beyond your wildest imagination. For example, the amount of DNA that your cells synthesise during your lifetime, if stretched out length-wise, will cover a distance of one light-year. For even more fascinating information about DNA, take the Molecular Biology - Part 1: DNA Replication and Repair online course.

The DNA inside each cell is 2m long. But somehow, all that DNA fits inside the nucleus without becoming an entwined mess. With the Molecular Biology - Part 1: DNA Replication and Repair certification course, you will learn how cellular machinery accomplishes feats like that.

This course goes beyond the ‘what’ of the scientific information you may have come across in your textbooks and explores ‘how’ scientists derive(d) this information from molecular models. The Molecular Biology - Part 1: DNA Replication and Repair online programme by edX aims to help you develop the ability to design molecular biology experiments and analyse the data collected from these experiments. The instructor-paced programme offers two options to enrol; free and paid. In the free mode, the learners will be given access to the course only for a limited period. 

There is a broad range of plant tissues in nature like bamboo, palm, wood, etc. that have a cellular structure making them strong for their weight. If we look closely, there is a sophisticated architecture at play behind these solids. The Cellular Solids Part 1: Structures, Properties and Engineering Applications online course will help you study the mechanics and structure of various cellular materials.

With the learnings of the Cellular Solids Part 1 programme by edX, you will study the structure and processing of cellular solids as they are made from metals, glasses, polymers, composites, and ceramics. You will explore how we can design engineering materials inspired by the structural features present in nature. This is a nine weeks course.

You will generate models based on the mechanical properties of foams and honeycombs. The Cellular Solids Part 1 course will help you investigate how these cellular materials' special features can be used in practical solutions like thermal insulation, energy absorption, and lightweight structural panels. It is an offering of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.

The Tropical Coastal Ecosystem programme by edX allows candidates to evolve and expertise in their understanding of the field of tropical coastal ecosystems. The candidate will get to know how such ecosystems allow goods and services to millions of people and how the undertaking of human activities caused universal devaluation. You will get to know how these distinctive ecosystems face challenges like acidification, coastal pollution, ocean warming, and many approaches to solving these issues. 

This programme will draw the inference with a creative and innovative virtual ecology project where candidates will be asked to take part in the Citizen Science Project. 

The duration of the course will be 9 weeks and candidates need to give their efforts 4-5 hours weekly to complete the course. The programme is free of cost but the candidate has to pay those who want the institutional certificate which will be provided by the University of Queensland Australia, the world’s premier teaching and research institution. The mode of teaching will be online for Tropical Coastal Ecosystem courses. The candidates can take the course either free of cost or by paying the prescribed fee. While taking the course in the free audit mode, the learners will have access to the course only for a limited period. 

Professional bookkeepers are an essential component of every organization. In absence of them, businesses would struggle to retain monetary clarity and maintain adequate records required to make critical operational and finance choices. The Bookkeeping online course covers a variety of auditing concepts and includes education on issues such as inventory management, VAT responsibility, accounting records, and annual returns.

The Bookkeeping training teaches students how to complete diary entries, arrange ledgers, and produce accurate, dependable accounting information. The course helps to Improve the capacity to positively affect the organisation while receiving formal confirmation of talents from Africa's premier institution.

According to the Guidant Financial Report, 13% of small business owners consider bookkeeping as one of their prime difficulties. Similarly, a report by Accounting Today states that big accounting companies with more than 50 employees spend 25% of their time on bookkeeping tasks. The Bookkeeping syllabus ensures minimising the waste of time and increases the productivity of the firm.

Astrophysics: Exploring Exoplanets is an introductory course offered by Australian National University (ANUx). The online course that can be attended by the learners at their own pace and convenience is targeted at the intermediate level students. 

Astrophysics: Exploring Exoplanets Certification is available on the platform of edX. The learners may need to devote 2-4 hours per week to complete the 9-week long online course. Astrophysics: Exploring Exoplanets Certification Syllabus will introduce the learners to the exoplanets which are the planets around the stars. The learners will be given the latest updates and observations of exoplanets which is one of the revolutionary findings of modern astrophysics. 

The learners who plan to join the Astrophysics: Exploring Exoplanets Certification by ANUx are required to have high school math and physics to get full advantage of the course content. EdX renders two different methods of enrolment for the candidates of the online certification, namely, the verified track and the audit track. The former mode gives unlimited access to the programme whereas the latter track gives only a limited period of access. 

The literature search process involves compiling information from multiple sources like books, journals, the internet, and more for research purposes. It is carried out to support arguments, methodologies, and hypotheses used in research and provide more context. The Advanced Literature Searching in the Health Sciences online course by edX explores the fundamental components of the literature-searching process for health sciences.

The edX Advanced Literature Searching in the Health Sciences certification covers complex topics related to advanced searching, citation management, and search strategies. The course aims to help researchers in health sciences responsible for regularly conducting literature searches.

Furthermore, the Advanced Literature Searching in the Health Sciences programme is a self-paced learning course designed by health sciences professionals at the University of Michigan. The curriculum focuses on the importance and components of effective literature search in research work. The course will benefit the current and future research scholars and impart practical learning experience. The learners can take the self-paced course by paying the fee and get a certificate of completion and unlimited access. They can audit the programme for a limited duration without paying the fee. 

Living beings cannot survive without water, and as you know, the world is going through a global water crisis at the moment. There is a major lack of drinking water, as well as a lack of access to the water. This lack of access is rapidly becoming the gravest, and we must learn how to manage water more wisely and sustainably. Water: Addressing the Global Crisis by edX is an introductory programme curated by the Stockholm International Water Institute in collaboration with SDG Academy. 

The Water: Addressing the Global Crisis online course focuses on ensuring sanitation and sustainable water for all. You will learn about the global water crisis and how it links to the environment and societal development. You will gain theoretical and practical knowledge of good water governance, climate change, energy and food production, and the role of ecosystems. 

The Water: Addressing the Global Crisis certification programme will run for an estimated nine weeks and is split into nine modules. There is a final exam at the end of the course to determine if you passed the programme. EdX provides two options to join the programme; verified and free audit tracks. In the verified option, you can access the course for an unlimited duration and get a certificate of completion. In the audit mode, you will have a limited duration of access. 

Since it was performed for the first time in 1954, organ transplantation has been surrounded by controversies. With advancements in the drugs and technologies involved, the procedure has evolved significantly over time and improved many patients’ quality of life worldwide. But despite that, donating and obtaining organs are still considered controversial subjects. The Organ Transplantation: Ethical and Legal Challenges online course addresses some of these controversies.

The Organ Transplantation: Ethical and Legal Challenges program aims to answer questions like: Why is the sale of organs forbidden in almost every country? Why don’t Governments confiscate cadaveric organs? Should ‘organ donation euthanasia’ be allowed and should the ‘dead donor rule’ be abandoned? How to deal with conflicts that may arise between the people who care for the future recipient and those responsible for the dying patient (eventual donor)?

The Organ Transplantation: Ethical and Legal Challenges certification syllabus also covers recent developments like the phenomenon of transplantation tourism, donation after cardio-circulatory death, or the detection of physiological functions that remain after a patient has been pronounced brain dead. You can also get yourself a certificate to showcase your newly learned skills. By enrolling in any one of the tracks namely verified and audit the students may learn the programme. During the audit track, learning is free for a limited time period whereas during the verified track learning is unlimited but paid.

This Making a Cell Therapy: Principles and Practice of Manufacturing training is a nine weeks online course. This course was designed and offered through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology via the EDX platform. Krystyn Van Vliet explains this online course.

Cellular therapies are live products that work only when they are delivered alive. This course will cover the fundamentals of cellular biology, which governs cellular growth and metabolism. Some cell therapies' improved function is dependent on our ability to engineer the cells genetically. This course will teach current and emerging approaches to genetic modification, as well as how we isolate cells from patients or donors and manipulate them, such as assisting those cells in growing and multiplying outside of the body, to generate a living product at a therapeutically relevant dose. This course will teach some of the analytical methods used to accomplish this and why these methods were chosen.

Also Read: 

• Pharmacy Certification Courses
• Genetics Certification Courses
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The Intro to Descriptive Statistics course is a beginner-level programme. It is entirely an online course provided through the website of Udacity. Candidates who take admission in the programme will be introduced to descriptive statistics and its different aspects. Participants who are interested in the Intro to Descriptive Statistic Course can get enrolled without paying any amount since the cost of the course is zero. Students will be able to access the study material of the course at any time since the course regulates on a self-paced basis. The Intro to Descriptive Statistics syllabus includes seven chapters and can be finished in approximately two months. There are no restrictions or deadlines regarding any timings or attendance percentage, and participants can freely access the course whenever they want.

Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) has led India’s Community Radio Movement for 15 years. However, the sector faces shortcomings in terms of lack of knowledge about community radio and its various aspects. The Radio Enabled Learning Course on Community Radio programme helps fill the gap by familiarising you with its licensing procedures, structure, ideologies, sustainability, broadcasting formats, broadcast codes, etc. 

CEMCA offers this course along with two institutes. Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram delivers the Community Radio certificate programme in Hindi. Sri Sankara College of Arts and Science, Kancheepuram, extends the course in Tamil.

The course curriculum is extensive and uses PPT and audio format to teach you. You will learn about the basics and advanced concepts in Community Radio. The Radio Enabled Learning Course on Community Radio syllabus also focuses on radio’s historical background, community radio’s application process, the community radio set-up process, its policy and governance, best practices, and more.

This Community Radio programme utilises an exciting audio format and takes a conversational approach to teach, making it easier to grasp concepts. Besides, you will learn through a musical rendition of topics and participate in audio evaluations when a chapter concludes.

Through the Human Anatomy for Stroke course, candidates get an opportunity to analyse & visualize human anatomy even if they are layman to it. In this course, the learners will understand the fundamentals of human anatomy & by a logical approach, backed by a typical clinical case of stroke, they will get to understand how to dissect the human body. The Human Anatomy for Stroke course by Edx scrupulously articulates the application of knowledge about human anatomy by adding a real-life severe stroke case.

The Human Anatomy for Stroke certification course starts right from the fundamentals in a very layman’s language & then gradually extends to Module 3, which delves deeper into the human anatomy to avoid the candidates feeling overwhelmed at first sight or to better include all those candidates who are not directly related to the medical profession & have no prior knowledge about the human body and how it works its way even throughout the most complex biological processes. There are 2 pathways, one is the audit mode and the other is the verified mode. During the audit mode, the candidates are allowed limited period access whereas during the verified mode, the candidates will be offered unlimited access to the course materials.

Bioinformatics is widely used in biomedical development and research work. The Certificate Course in Bioinformatics aims to teach the concepts of this discipline which applies computational techniques and theoretical procedures to analyze biomedical or biological data. The program will enable learners to utilize advanced technology to leverage the growing store of biological information.

Computers are used to work on genetic information that can help answer questions related to human health. The Bioinformatics certification course by MSLS will train the students to become competent in using information technology to extract, analyze, utilize, store, organize and interpret biological data. Learners will understand bioinformatics concepts like integrating molecular biology, computer science, and mathematics.

The Certificate Course in Bioinformatics by MSLS is designed to provide theoretical training along with hands-on sessions, assignments, and projects to make industry-ready bioinformatics professionals. Candidates will understand the application of bioinformatics in all domains of biological sciences.

IISc Bangalore curates the Cell Biology: Cellular Organization, Division and Processes course by Swayam. It is an eight-week core program designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students with a background in Biology and Chemistry. This aims to educate the candidates about Cell Biology and molecular biology.

The Cell Biology certification syllabus comprises two modules, each featuring ten lectures. Imminent faculty, Professor Shikha Laloraya will teach the course, where she will discuss some excellent and important discoveries in cell cycle regulation and chromatin organization. This curriculum belongs to the ‘Biosciences’ and ‘Biological Sciences and Bioengineering’ domains.

The Cell Biology: Cellular Organization, Division, and Processes training is rife with video lectures, offering ample study material and references. This is an online program with internal assessments and an offline test, held during the course-end. The candidate will also be eligible for the training certificate if they undertake the end-term examination and meet the certification qualifying criteria.

The course on Molecular Biology talks about all the important aspects that come under Molecular Biology and gives a brief understanding of Nucleic acid including its models of RNA and DNA along with its salient features. 

This course is provided by Swayam, an initiation started by the Indian government. The main areas covered under this course are the principal molecular events of a cell including Translation, DNA replication and Transcription in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic organisms.

It will also cover Processing of Eukaryotic RNA covering the aspects of Introns, Split genes, Splicing Mechanisms Exons, and RNA Editing and post Transcriptional Modifications. The students will get an in-depth understanding regarding the concepts of DNA repair mechanisms Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic transcriptional regulation and mechanism of Gene Silencing.

This course will also lightly touch the concepts of RNA Interference, Ribo-switches, siRNA and miRNA under different types of regulatory RNAs. The students will gain additional understanding of other aspects of molecular biology in the supplementary study material.

Molecular Biology is mainly for the students studying in the area of Zoology either in University or College according to UGC approved syllabus. It is also useful for students studying in other areas of Biological Science such as Biomedical Technology, Genetics, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Forensic Science, Biotechnology, Life-Science, Microbiology, Clinical Research, Biochemistry, Paramedical and Medical field.

The Oral Biology Certification is an 8-week online course. Even if Swayam is assigned to teach the course, Saveetha Dental College in Chennai creates and validates the course syllabus. The Saveetha Dental College, Chennai and NPTEL are the organisations accredited to issue this course certificate.

The Oral Biology Certification course is an 8-week online program. The course syllabus is prepared and verified by IIT Kanpur even if Swayam is appointed to provide the course. This course certificate is presented by the Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, and NPTEL.

Oral Biology training is a part of the dental elective curriculum. This certification course is taught by a multi-faculty.

This course combines core scientific fields in distinctive and intriguing ways to solve the problem of creating brand-new, incredibly efficient ways to treat, prevent, or manage diseases and developmental disorders in the mouth and craniofacial complex. It is a vast science that encompasses molecular biology and genetics, microbiology and immunology, genomics, biochemistry, biophysics, craniofacial development, pharmacology, physiology, and cancer biology.

The Cellular Mechanisms of Brain Function programme by edX provides intelligence to the learners in the concepts of brain functions which include membrane potential, cable properties, ion channels, action potential, whole-cell recordings, voltage-gaining kinetics, synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter release, electron microscopy, presynaptic dynamics, glutamate receptors, synaptic plasticity, benzodiazepines, and dendritic spines.

This programme helps the candidate to understand the fundamental concepts of neuroscience which are related to the functions of the mammalian brain. Cellular Mechanisms of Brain Function course also provides an outline of the biophysical mechanisms of signalling in the neurons. The candidate will also learn about various receptors in the brain. The brain functions are studied through various biophysical mechanisms using mice. Various modern methods are also discussed in this programme to study the workings of the mammalian brain.

The verified and shareable certificate is provided to all the candidates on completion of this programme. The certificate can be easily shared to a resume or CV. It can also be shared with the LinkedIn profile of the learner. There are two varied options for candidates to enrol in the programme; free or by paying the prescribed fee. When enrolling for free, the learners will get access only for a limited period. 

The Molecular Biology - Part 3: RNA Processing and Translation course by edX is the third and final part of their Molecular Biology programme. In this programme, you will learn about the mRNA translation to protein, a crucial portion of Biology’s central dogma. You will also see how RNA splicing or RNA turnover affects the outcome of this translation.

RNA processing mechanisms also influence gene expression. You will learn about these mechanisms in extensive detail with the Molecular Biology - Part 3: RNA Processing and Translation training course. It is an eight-week, advanced-level, self-paced learning programme that will help you master design skills in biological experimenting, and enhance your scientific thinking. You need to study only four to eight hours every week.

The faculty includes professors from the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Each instructor for the Molecular Biology - Part 3: RNA Processing and Translation programme is an expert in his/her respective domain. They will deliver video lectures in English. Video transcripts are also available in two languages: English and Chinese. The programme can be taken by the candidates in two modes, namely, free and paid modes. In the free mode, the learners will be provided with limited access to the programme. 

The ‘Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces’ online certification program is a massive online course for postgraduate students. The course teaches the students the reactions (chemistry, physics) in surfaces/interfaces. Along with it, the learners will also learn about the procedure of atomic level construction of surfaces from the bulk crystals as well as the nomenclature for different surfaces. The students also explore concepts such as various interfaces, metal-semiconductor, metal-molecule, like metal-metal, etc. 

The duration of the course is eight weeks. The course is taught online via lectures, books, references, videos, etc. After completing the ‘Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces’  certification course, the students can gain a digital certificate along with credit points.

All India Council for Technical Education(AICTE) have approved this online elective program. The educational provider Swayam offers this course on its platform. The course instructor is Dr. Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar from the department of Chemistry at the IIT Kanpur. 

Chemical Applications Of Symmetry And Group Theory is an online free course that will give you a deep insight into the application of group theory and symmetry. The 8-week-long online courses are free of cost. Yet, Swayam demands a fee for an exam that qualifies you for the certification.

Administered by Swayam, the Chemical Applications Of Symmetry And Group Theory online course will walk you through the application of symmetry in chemical systems within the group theory. Plus, the courses will deal with symmetry operations, symmetry elements, molecular vibrations and many more. The online course is led by a faculty member of IIT Kanpur, Prof. Manabendra Chandra. 

Basics Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy is an 8 week long online programme offered by Swayam in association with IIT Kanpur. The online programme is free of cost. However, the learners will have to pay the fee for the certification qualifying exam. The Basics Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Certification Course is approved by the All India Council For Technical Education (AICTE). The course will provide a thorough understanding of the basic principles of fluorescence spectroscopy and instrumentation of fluorescence spectroscopy. 

The Basics Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy online course, offered by Swayam,  is developed and instructed by  Prof. Pratik Sen who is the faculty at IIT Kanpur. The learners who plan to join the online courses must have an understanding of basic quantum mechanics. At the end of the online programme, the learners who have achieved 25% and 75% in the assignments and examination respectively will be provided with a certificate approved by AICTE. 

IIT Madras has structured the Chemistry - II certification course offered by Swayam. The institute’s Prof K Mangala Sunder teaches this elective program which consists of eight assignments. The curriculum is built at postgraduate and undergraduate study levels, which students can comfortably finish in eight weeks. 

The Chemistry - II certification syllabus introduces molecular spectroscopy, a vital part of physical chemistry. Understanding this branch is essential for all biologists, material scientists, and chemists. The course also teaches about the experiments used to verify various quantum mechanics concepts. Researchers will learn detailed information about molecules, including their bond angles, length, strength, accompanied by their magnetic and optical properties. 

The Chemistry - II training is well-suited for B.Sc. or undergraduate students and postgraduate students in their first year. After acquiring profound knowledge about molecular spectroscopy, they can also opt for the final exam and receive a verified certificate with IIT Madras and NPTEL’s logos.

The Pericyclic Reactions and Organic Photochemistry program aims to make the participants comfortable in two important advanced organic chemistry topics: organic photochemistry and organic reactions. It will cover all the major topics in both the sections using video lectures, assignments, and tutorial sections.

The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) has crafted the syllabus for the Pericyclic Reactions and Organic Photochemistry certification. NPTEL is an initiative of seven IITs in the country, whereas Swayam is an online learning platform, an initiative of the Ministry of Education, Government of India. Professor Sankararaman from IIT Madras will be the educator for the course. 

Moreover, Pericyclic Reactions and Organic Photochemistry is an online course that provides free course material and an e-certificate for interested participants. It is eight weeks long and a core postgraduate course in chemistry. It is an AICTE-approved FDP course.

The Chemical Kinetics and Transition State Theory training is an FDP course verified by NPTEL and approved by AICTE. The elective course under the category of chemistry is conducted at an undergraduate/postgraduate level. Prof Amber Jain will lead the course along with two teaching assistants.

The extensive Chemical Kinetics and Transition State Theory online course will introduce the calculation of rate constants with the help of two basic models, i.e., the transition state theory and the collision theory. The TST will be elaborated in detail by solving several examples and understanding the extensions and limitations. The course will also revise the Boltzmann distribution, partition function, and statistical mechanics concepts.

Candidates must have prior knowledge about chemical dynamics and kinetics to understand the Chemical Kinetics and Transition State Theory certification syllabus. The course is designed by IIT Bombay and segregated into 45 lectures, spanned over eight weeks. Eligible candidates who answer the assignments and the external certificate will receive a course-end digital certificate.

The Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Spectroscopy Certification Course is a massive open online course that discusses the applications of quantum mechanics and molecular spectroscopy. The course is available for students at the postgraduate level and it offers a total of 2 credits. Learners can easily access the course on the online learning platform of Swayam.

The Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Spectroscopy Training is provided through video lectures and course materials and assessed through course assignments and a proctored exam. The course is led by Prof. G Naresh Patwari of IIT Bombay. Once the learners complete all criteria for the assessments, they will be rewarded with a Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Spectroscopy Certification by NIOS and Swayam.

The Stereochemistry Course’s syllabus layout is made with full dedication and is incorporated with the latest details about the new invention being done in the pharmaceutical industries. The course starts with providing the student with the basic information about configuration and chemistry in 3D space.

 The importance of chirality in drugs is explained to the students and what is its need in the upcoming time of the health industry. The importance of chiral drugs has increased a lot in the pharmaceutical industry. This is because one enantiomer of a chiral drug can have medicinal properties and the other might be toxic to take. Therefore, chirality plays a key role in the synthesis of drugs. 

Swayam Stereochemistry Course is an appropriate course for students looking for an efficient teaching source. The course will go on for 8 weeks and can be chosen by applicants wishing to develop a career in the health industry, pharmaceutical industry, or perfumery industry. The intended audience will be students with basic knowledge about chemistry, biotechnology, bioscience, and pharmacy. The student will be provided with books and references which he could refer to for a good learning experience.