Did economics 12 portion changed?
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Hi sasyesh,
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics
Unit 1 : National Income and Related Aggregates ( 28 Periods)
What is Macroeconomics?
Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods,
intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -
Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income:
Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross and Net Domestic
Product (GDP and NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.
GDP and Welfare
Unit 2 : Money and Banking (15 Periods)
Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand
deposits held by commercial banks.
Money creation by the commercial banking system.
Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue,
Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo
Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Unit 3 : Determination of Income and Employment (27 Periods)
Aggregate demand and its components.
Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -
changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.
Unit 4 Government Budget and the Economy (15 Periods)
Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of
expenditure revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their
meaning.
Unit 5 : Balance of Payments (15 Periods)
Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit-
meaning.
Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
Determination of exchange rate in a free market.
Part B: Indian Economic Development
Unit 6 : Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:
(28 Periods)
A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
Common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new
agricultural strategy, etc.), industry (industrial licensing, etc.) and foreign trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);
Concepts of demonetization and GST
Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy (60 Periods)
Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical
assessment;
Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives;
agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming
Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in
economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India
Employment: Formal and informal growth; problems and policies.
Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and
Policies- A critical assessment;
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on
Resources and Environment, including global warming.
Unit 8 : Development Experience of India: (12 Periods)
A comparison with neighbours
India and Pakistan
India and China
Issues: growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development
Indicators.
Part C: Project in Economics 20 Periods
Hope this helps
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