Sir what are sociology and psychology ....plzzz described in detail of both topic they are useful for my bhu entrance exam

Hello.

Sociology

At best, sociology is considered a soft science due to how holistic it is. This means it takes in the bigger picture.

It doesn't see you as just a collection of cells, but rather a member of several social groups that are affected by the overall state of your society.

So, for example, there could be a white MC male that goes to college, but also someone could be a black WC female that dropped out of education.

What sociology does is try and explain why there's a difference and this is predominantly expressed through the different sociological perspectives:

• Marxism (critical of the capitalist hegemony).
• Feminism (critical of the patriarchal hegemony).
• Functionalism (all of society’s institutions work together to create a collective conscience, thus strengthening society).
• Fundamentalism (belief in tradition).
• Postmodernism (society is now determined by choice).
• Subcultural theories (we’re a product of association).

Alongside these, it looks at the impacts that social policies have.

Psychology

This is definitely considered a science as it has a scientific emphasis in that psychologists will infer cause-and-effect.

It's generally more, but not wholly, reductionist than sociology as it tries to give simple explanations for complex behaviours; of course, though, this level of reductionism varies between psychological fields: social psychology is more holistic than neural psychology, yet they are both more reductionist than sociology.

For example, then, sociology might explain depression as a result of the recession, yet social psychology might argue it's because of a loss of a love one, and then neural psychology argues it's due to a lack of serotonin.

There are more than just those two fields, too.

In psychology, the general approaches taken are as followed:

• Psychodynamic (unresolved childhood issues).
• Behaviourist (the result of learning within our environment - consequences and interactions).
• Cognitive (internal mental processes).
• Humanistic (advocating we have free will and how positive our environment is impacts our life).
• Biological (our genetic make-up: neural, genetic, and evolutionary).

Psychology majors may be required to take classes in areas such as cognitive, developmental and abnormal psychology, research methods and counseling. The American Psychological Association explains that those who study psychology can use their degrees for a myriad of purposes opens in new window , such as:

• Conducting research

• Studying social development

• Teaching and providing services to students

• Promoting physical and mental health

• Supporting community and individual well-being

For those seeking a career in clinical psychology, a master’s degree or higher is generally required. However, psychology is a flexible field that is almost universally applicable

Sociology undergraduates may be required to study topics such as methods of social research, diversity and inequality, globalization, social constructs, workplace systems or health care.

According to a survey done by the American Sociological Association, almost two-thirds (62 percent) of employees that earned a sociology major had jobs related to their career.

Hope this is helpful.

Good luck.