118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on Oct 24, 2024 10:51 AM IST

The periodic table organizes the 118 known chemical elements by their atomic numbers, which represent the number of protons in their nuclei, and by their chemical properties. Each element is assigned a unique symbol and an atomic number, starting with Hydrogen (H), atomic number 1, to Oganesson (Og), atomic number 118. Understanding these elements, their symbols, and atomic numbers is essential for studying chemistry and its applications in science.

This Story also Contains
  1. Atomic number
  2. What Does the symbol of an element Mean?
  3. Chemistry periodic table/Chemical Chart:
  4. Some Solved Examples

Most of the symbols are similar to the names of the elements name, but there are certain symbols of objects with Latin roots. Its example is the lead described by Pb which is derived from its Latin name "Plumbum". One such example would be the 'Fe' symbol used to represent the metal and could be associated with the Latin word iron, "Ferrum".

NCERT Chemistry Notes :

Atomic number

118 elements and their symbols and atomic numbers are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the elements names and symbols are listed in order of increasing atomic number. Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass. The rows are called periods. In a periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements and symbols having similar chemical properties naturally line up in the same group.

The current table, today, contains a total of as element 118 elements and their symbols and atomic numbers. Since the names of the elements can be long and complex to use, these are indicated by using a symbol. Each item has a unique symbol.

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What Does the symbol of an element Mean?

A sign or symbol is a note usually consisting of one or two letters that are used to represent a chemical object. There are also 3-character symbols. These are things that have just been merged and so-called for a while. There are some rules for marking. The first letter of the mark is usually capitalized while the second (or third) letter is usually written in small letters. Eg. - Ca for Calcium, He for Helium, etc. If an item mark contains only one letter, it is always capitalized.

Eg. -Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), etc.

Symbols are often used to represent objects in a timeline. The chemical formula and proportions must also be used for those properties.

The following table provides a list of 118 elements and their symbols atomic numbers and the number of atoms.

Periodic table of elements with names and their symbols(List of elements)

NCERT Chemistry Notes :

Chemistry periodic table/Chemical Chart:

Name of the chemical element symbols

Name of the Element

Symbol of the Element

Atomic Number

Hydrogen

H

1

Helium

He

2

Lithium

Li

3

Beryllium

Be

4

Boron

B

5

Carbon

C

6

Nitrogen

N

7

Oxygen

O

8

Fluorine

F

9

Neon

Ne

10

Sodium

Na

11

Magnesium

Mg

12

Aluminium

Al

13

Silicon

Si

14

Phosphorus

P

15

Sulfur

S

16

Chlorine

Cl

17

Argon

Ar

18

Potassium

K

19

Calcium

Ca

20

Scandium

Sc

21

Titanium

Ti

22

Vanadium

V

23

Chromium

Cr

24

Manganese

Mn

25

Iron

Fe

26

Cobalt

Co

27

Nickel

Ni

28

Copper

Cu

29

Zinc

Zn

30

Gallium

Ga

31

Germanium

Ge

32

Arsenic

As

33

Selenium

Se

34

Bromine

Br

35

Krypton

Kr

36

Rubidium

Rb

37

Strontium

Sr

38

Yttrium

Y

39

Zirconium

Zr

40

Niobium

Nb

41

Molybdenum

Mo

42

Technetium

Tc

43

Ruthenium

Ru

44

Rhodium

Rh

45

Palladium

Pd

46

Silver

Ag

47

Cadmium

Cd

48

Indium

In

49

Tin

Sn

50

Antimony

Sb

51

Tellurium

Te

52

Iodine

I

53

Xenon

Xe

54

Cesium

Cs

55

Barium

Ba

56

Lanthanum

La

57

Cerium

Ce

58

Praseodymium

Pr

59

Neodymium

Nd

60

Promethium

Pm

61

Samarium

Sm

62

Europium

Eu

63

Gadolinium

Gd

64

Terbium

Tb

65

Dysprosium

Dy

66

Holmium

Ho

67

Erbium

Er

68

Thulium

Tm

69

Ytterbium

Yb

70

Lutetium

Lu

71

Hafnium

Hf

72

Tantalum

Ta

73

Tungsten

W

74

Rhenium

Re

75

Osmium

Os

76

Iridium

Ir

77

Platinum

Pt

78

Gold

Au

79

Mercury

Hg

80

Thallium

Tl

81

Lead

Pb

82

Bismuth

Bi

83

Polonium

Po

84

Astatine

At

85

Radon

Rn

86

Francium

Fr

87

Radium

Ra

88

Actinium

Ac

89

Thorium

Th

90

Protactinium

Pa

91

Uranium

U

92

Neptunium

Np

93

Plutonium

Pu

94

Americium

Am

95

Curium

Cm

96

Berkelium

Bk

97

Californium

Cf

98

Einsteinium

Es

99

Fermium

Fm

100

Mendelevium

Md

101

Nobelium

No

102

Lawrencium

Lr

103

Rutherfordium

Rf

104

Dubnium

Db

105

Seaborgium

Sg

106

Bohrium

Bh

107

Hassium

Hs

108

Meitnerium

Mt

109

Darmstadtium

Ds

110

Roentgenium

Rg

111

Copernicium

Cn

112

Nihonium

Nh

113

Flerovium

Fl

114

Moscovium

Mc

115

Livermorium

Lv

116

Tennessine

Ts

117

Oganesson

Og

118

Also read -

Some Solved Examples

Example.1 What is the symbol of silver?

1) Si

2) Ar

3) (correct)Ag

4) Sb

Solution

The symbol of silver is Ag derived from the Latin word Argentum.

Hence, the answer is the option (4).

Example.2 Which of the following represents elements in increasing order of their atomic size?

1) I, Br, Cl

2) N, O, F

3) (correct)Be, Mg, Ca

4) Se, S, O

Solution

As we have learned

Vander Waals Radius - It represents the overall size of the atom which includes its valence shell in a non-bonded situation. It is half the distance between two similar atoms in separate molecules in a solid.Vanderwaals radius > metallic radius > covalent radius. Atomic size increases as we move down in a group

Hence, the answer is the option (3).

Example.3 Which of the following has the largest size

1) (correct)Al

2) Al+

3) Al+2

4) Al+3

Solution

With successive ionisations, the size of the species decreases. This is due to an increase in the effective nuclear charge which tends to hold the valence electrons more tightly thus leading to a reduction in the size.

Thus, the correct order of size is Al>Al+>Al2+>Al3+.

Hence, the answer is the option (1).

Example.4 Mendeleev’s periodic table is based on:

1) Atomic number

2) (correct)Atomic weight

3) Ionization enthalpy

4) None of the above

Solution

Mendeleev arranged the elements in horizontal rows and vertical columns in his table in order of their increasing atomic weights. In this way, elements with similar properties occupied the same vertical column.

Hence, the answer is the option (2).

Also, check-

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the symbol used for lead?

Pb represents lead

2. Give the atomic number of Pb?

Pb atomic number is 82

3. What Pd represents?

Palladium

4. Classify the following as metals, non-metals and metalloid O, Pb, Ge, Se, Pd, Sb ?

Non-metal:O, Se

Metal: Pb, Pd

Metalloid: Sb, Ge

5. Which element is represented by Sb?

Antimony, which is a metalloid is represented by the symbol Sb

6. Give the list of 6 metalloids that are recognised commonly?

Boron (B) , silicon (Si), germanium(Ge), arsenic(As), antimony(Sb), and tellurium(Te)

7. How can I learn all 118 elements?

a. Strategy which can be followed to learn 118 elements: 

b. Divide the Table into smaller sections

c. Start with familiar ones like the first 20 elements

d. Create mnemonic method to remember the order of elements in each group or period for example, for the first 10 elements: "Happy Harry He Likes Beer But Could Not Offer Food" for Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine.

e. Regularly revise what you've learned

8. What is element 118 named?

Element 118 is named Oganesson having symbol Og. It is a noble gas and is currently the heaviest element on the periodic table. It was officially added to the periodic table in 2016.

9. Is 118 a real element?

Yes, element 118, known as Oganesson (Og), is a real element. It is a synthetic element, meaning it does not occur naturally and was created in a laboratory.

10. Is there a 119th element?

As of now, element 119 has not been officially discovered or added to the periodic table.

11. What is the newest element?

The newest elements added to the periodic table are Nihonium (Nh), Moscovium (Mc), Tennessine (Ts), and Oganesson (Og). These elements, with atomic numbers 113, 114, 115, 116, and 118, were officially recognized by the IUPAC in 2016.

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