Online Business And Management Courses & Certifications

In an extremely data-driven world, it can be challenging to make decisions with a lack of accurate data. In such situations, it can be conducive to use expert opinion. The Decision Making under Uncertainty: Introduction to Structured Expert Judgment Online Course by Edx aims to show how expert opinion holds a lot of value in the face of uncertainty. 

Several techniques are covered in this course which can be used in situations where one needs to make complex decisions. Judgement methods such as the Classical model and Cooke’s method are used to perform structured expert judgement. Furthermore, the edX Certification in Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Introduction to Structured Expert Judgment showcases the importance of making the right decisions.

Candidates also get a holistic outlook on making effective decisions when accurate data is not available using uncertainty assessments, probability and statistics. Students can get an in-depth look at the different judgement models and learn when and how they can be used for decision-making. The online course in Decision Making Under Uncertainty has been developed by the Delft University of Technology and it can be audited free of cost for a limited duration of access to the course. The programme also provides a purchasable, verified certificate in collaboration with edX.

Great ideas are the bedrock of business innovation. However, creativity requires a steady hand to manage and move forward the creative process productively. The Innovation and Creativity Management program focuses on ways to nurture creativity and innovative ideas effectively. It introduces a management process model that takes an idea from development and nurturing to the launch stage. 

The edX Innovation and Creativity Management course will improve the career qualifications of various industries and professionals. It is an intermediate course wherein candidates can get free course material and a verified certificate by completing the course and paying the program fee.  While taking the course for free, the candidates can audit it for a limited duration. 

Innovation and Creativity Management is a six-week-long intermediate course that is part of the MicroMasters program. The educators of the course are experienced faculty from RWTH Aachen University. It employs online lectures with a series of exercises and real-life case studies to help prepare candidates for real-life situations in their organizations.

Responsible Innovation: Building Tomorrow’s Responsible Firms program is created to make the core of any corporate social responsibility (CSR) make responsible research and innovation (RRI). The course will be covering responsible practices involved in business and are recognized as corporate responsibility.  The ways to acknowledge and deal with ethical and social issues involved in company policies and strategies will be covered in the course. The Certification Course on Responsible Innovation: Building Tomorrow’s Responsible Firms by edX is aimed to create and structure business strategy from the scratch. The session will be covering the importance of CSR as a key element and the various ways to incorporate the use of RRI. 

The six weeks course will help to intercept the impact of various policies in the corporate sectors and will also cover the various complexities that are involved in the business and areas such as- data, nanotechnology, and automotive. The session will help students learn the ways to organize and evaluate the current scenario within RRI.

Advancement in Innovation is a major popular expression in the present business media. There are numerous individuals who contend that the correct sort of innovation can take care of practically any issue an organization faces. Indeed, some straightforwardly interface an association's way to deal with advancement to their probability of endurance. 

It's essential to recall, nonetheless, that innovation is driven by individuals. Along these lines, it's not all that simple to discover solid models that permit us to break down the practices of our laborers and help encourage innovation in an organization. 

In Measure and Improve Innovation at the Workplace course, we will introduce a model of development skill made out of three measurements. This model can be applied to self-assess your own development skills or those of the individuals working in your association. Thus, you will have the option to identify needs and set up customized preparing activities, just as gather proof of the aftereffects of potential mediations completed to advance development.

The participants can register in the Managing Disruptive Change course by edX and gain insights on how disruption can be one of the biggest threats as well as opportunities when it comes to business. The Managing Disruptive Change Certification comprises different headings and subheadings which have been defined well by the expert tutors.

The Managing Disruptive Changes course is a part of how to manage technology and innovations at the same time. The Managing Disruptive Change Certification briefly covers all the aspects of why disruption takes place, the different sources, and the patterns that can be well recognized. The course does not only give the candidates facts and figures but also offers real-life case studies.

With the end of the 6 week course, the candidate shall find themselves in the front seat, where you would have a structured way to reach the solution. The Managing Disruptive Change Certification has a certificate for users who take up the verified course. This will help the candidates enhance their qualifications in a career. For this course, there are 2 tracks for studying. One is the verified track and the other is the audit track. The basic difference between the 2 tracks is the time given to study the course materials. For the audit track the time is limited whereas for the verified track, the candidates will be getting unlimited time to study the course.

This Industry 4.0: How to Revolutionize your business certification course is all about the big revolutions taking place in the industrial sector. This course provides a broad perspective and detailed analysis of how the world is shifting towards new systems and technologies which will impact business and society. Industry 4.0: How to Revolutionize your business certification course is all about revolutionary changes and how they will impact our lifestyle, homes, offices, and economies. The cyber-physical system that will soon become the new trend is explained and analyzed here. Introduction to tools such as Cloud computing, Cyberphysical systems, Big data, and the Internet of Things are discussed. 

Industry 4.0: How to Revolutionize your business certification is understandable and suitable for participants from all disciplines. It is not a technical course, only part of it focuses on the skills gap, readiness in the organization, and knowledge workers' competencies. Industry 4.0: How to Revolutionize your business certification is verified by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The instructors for this course are professors from renowned universities.

After Industry 4.0: How to Revolutionize your Business online course is completed a verified certificate will be provided. This certificate is very valuable. It is shareable on all platforms such as Linkedin. This certificate will ensure career growth and better opportunities in the future. Among the 2 tracks offered to the students, during the audit mode, the candidates will get limited access to the course materials for free and during the verified track, with some payment, unlimited access to the course materials is offered.

The Innovative Business Models for Expanding Fiber-Optic Networks and Closing the Access Gaps online course is a six-parted study based on the Innovative Business Models report from the World Bank. Students will learn business models, contexts, methodology, and technologies employed as per the report for broadband access for six weeks.

The course will help candidates build a foundation in terrestrial spectrum resources. It can be manipulated to close any gaps in accessing the internet. The programme lends perspectives to regulators and policymakers to tailor alternatives and decisions according to the country’s needs. Moreover, the Innovative Business Models for Expanding Fiber-Optic Networks and Closing the Access Gap certification course has a self-paced learning model.

The Open Learning Campus (an initiative of the World Bank Group) offers this special course for learners to access development and world-class content. Students can opt for a verified Innovative Business Models for Expanding Fiber-Optic Networks and Closing the Access Gap certificate by paying a nominal fee. The course has an introductory level of difficulty.

Edx does offer 2 tracks, one is the audit track, and the other is the verified track. The audit track is free but it offers limited access to the course whereas the verified track is chargeable but gives unlimited access to the course materials.

The industry professionals who create effective design strategies will demonstrate how they accomplish Customer Obsessed Design for Product Management. The Customer Obsessed Design online course not only teaches simply paying attention to the consumers but also develops a passion for understanding customer requirements

The 6 weeks Customer Obsessed Design training by UC Berkeley prepares candidates for conducting successful user and customer interviews, obtaining important client insights from such interviews, sharing some of these additional insights with relevant parties in the corporation, and mobilizing action around such knowledge and insight using technologies from customer-centric ethnography, design, storytelling, and innovation. Candidates will learn how to design transformative customer experiences.

The Customer Obsessed Design syllabus teaches candidates how to pick subjects, prepare structured interviews, conduct interviews, assess their performance and learn from their fellow students as part of the course. The course educates students to identify the gaps between how customers perceive their surroundings and how those surroundings are currently constructed. Candidates will learn to examine needs before leaping to answers, as well as to quickly identify challenges in order to solve the correct ones.

In an increasingly complicated, dynamic, and technological environment, strong communication skills and human interactions are necessary. According to a Cognizant study, 9% of survey participants believe their organizations have good leaders with the abilities necessary to flourish in the digital economy. The Interpersonal Communication: Strategies for Executives online course blends practice-based and research methodologies to assist students in creating communication objectives.

Persuasive communication is essential for motivating and inspiring people, and it is also required while managing a varied and frequently dispersed workforce. Interpersonal Communication: Strategies for Executives training develops various abilities useful for dealing with various parties such as business partners or clients from other countries.

The Interpersonal Communication: Strategies for Executives syllabus covers RELATE Framework - a flexible strong presentation approach developed by MIT Sloan. The course teaches students how to interact with a variety of audiences and use a strategic communication perspective to comprehend technologies in the workplace.

According to a McKinsey report, 64% of employees in the United States feel that businesses should take the lead in bridging the skills gap and educating their people for the future of work. The global corporate landscape has undergone a profound change. Artificial intelligence (AI) and Automation are at the forefront of this, serving as change agents in the industry. The Leading the Future of Work online course delves into the different forces that are driving change and defining the future of the business model.

Business AI and technology, on the other hand, are only a portion of the progression. The Leading the Future of Work training emphasizes the need of employees, companies, public policy makers, and government officials, playing a role in responding to fast change. Applicants will be better equipped to keep ahead of their rivals while guiding their company forward towards the future. Leading the Future of Work syllabus creates a high-road business plan that advantages both shareholders and employees.

The corporate strategy for diversity, equality, and inclusivity (DEI) in an organisation is greater than ever, and it will only get better as the link between financial success strengthens and diversity. Implementing a DEI strategic objective has the potential to foster innovation, empathy, and creativity in a manner that homogeneous workplace environments rarely encounter. The Leading Workplace Diversity online course provides a diversity plan of action that will not only create real change in the company but will also have an influence on growth and success in business.

When assessing firms and job offers, A Glassdoor report says that 76% of workers and job seekers said workforce diversity is essential. Progress is sluggish owing to poor acceptance of diversity in workplaces, inclusion rules will change anything until the corporate culture changes as well. Leading Workplace Diversity Training Investigates diversification as a moral, financial and pragmatic necessity; the distinction between hiring and workplace prejudice, and how they appear as impediments to diversity.

The course explores how successful staff selection procedures may foster diversity while lowering employee attrition. Based on Dr. Eden King and Dr. Mikki's Hebl extensive research and teaching in the science of a diverse workforce, the leading workplace diversity syllabus covers practical recruiting and organizational methods for attracting, selecting, and retaining talent in order to promote diversity inside your company.

The effects of stress are becoming more evident, not just for individuals, but also for businesses as a whole. Stress drives 56% of employees to search for a different job, resulting in significant productivity losses and turnover costs. The Employee Wellness and Stress Management online course focuses on the influence that may be had when actions are made to enhance one's own health as well as the health of others.

Businesses have started to emphasize health for the resilience and advantages it provides as the interdependence between team productivity and personal well-being becomes clear. Employee Wellness and Stress Management training offers a variety of techniques to assist the self-care of the teams you manage and the coworkers you impact, as well as an emphasis on personal resilience and well-being.

With a better knowledge of how important physical health conditions are for energy and stress management, candidates will be able to develop tools and strategies to promote the well-being of themselves and others. The Employee Wellness and Stress Management syllabus guides to establish health objectives and manage stress for a fast-paced and complicated working environment via goal planning, self-reflection, and global case studies.

In an increasingly technical and automated corporate world, specific human talents such as critical thinking and strategic decision-making prove to be important skills for the advanced executive. The Decision-Making: Judgements, Biases, and Nudges online course provides students with the tools and knowledge they need to enhance their decision-making skills.

The course teaches how to utilise a unique framework of decision-making - the Decision Canvas™, as a systematic and scientifically oriented tool of decision-making. In conjunction with this step-by-step guide, the Decision-Making: Judgements, Biases, and Nudges Training teaches how to mitigate weak spots in the process of decision-making, such as instinctive judgments and cognitive bias. Candidates will be able to enhance their effective decision-making skills by acquiring an educated understanding of choice architecture and debasing.

The Decision-Making: Judgements, Biases, and Nudges syllabus allows students to draw on the experiences, diversity, and insights of a worldwide group of professionals, and it encourages them to analyze decisions from several viewpoints in order to reach more definitive results. The mix of theory and practice guarantees that applicants can use what they've learned in both professional and personal real-world settings.

In any business or organization, effective negotiating skills are essential for success. Rather than responding on instinct, effective negotiators prepare and adjust their approach to the unique environment in order to accomplish outcomes and improve relationships. The Negotiation Programme online course encourages candidates to maximize their ability as negotiators and increase their commercial influence.

According to a World Economic Forum employees need considerable skills development and upskilling, with negotiating being one of the skills that are gaining significance. The Negotiation Programme Training assists applicants in practising real-life scenarios with experts from the UK and elsewhere in live online discussions, where they will use established negotiating tactics in a digital setting.

The Negotiation Programme syllabus aids in the analysis of different ways of negotiation based on various channels of communication, as well as the investigation of the role of power, culture and influence in negotiation. Candidates will learn to design a growth plan based on professional advice and peer input to define their specific negotiation strategy and give an updated track of progress.

Negotiation is a key skill that is required in both personal and professional circumstances. Negotiation, when done intelligently, may help in achieving goals and establish connections. The Strategic Negotiation online course is guided by negotiation specialist Jim Olson, one of the University of California Davis's most recognized professors, the course offers the competence and understanding to lead strong negotiations in both professional and personal contexts.

Shifting from classic negotiation tactics that seem to divide individuals into losers and winners, The Strategic Negotiations Training explores a unique, cooperative bargaining technique based on mutual advantage rather than an all-or-nothing outcome. The training helps the candidate to engage with like-minded people from all over the world in live negotiating events to polish their boldness and negotiating abilities.

This program from a prestigious university offers a world-class curriculum that teaches how to negotiate power, leverage, influence, culture, and ethics in tough situations at all stages of a career. This Strategic Negotiations syllabus will assist students to become more proactive in their strategy to negotiating, whether they want to drive authority in their career or personal context.

Business development differs from one firm to the next. It has a broad range of talents and objectives as a profession, but regardless of the sector or products, propelling advancement has an effect on the development and, eventually, the profitability of any firm. The Business Development Management online course by UCT delves into the establishment of long-term advantages at each step of the company's growth: pre-sales, presentation, and post-sales.

The Business Development Management Training engages applicants with real-life case studies and concentrates on qualitative findings; it provides soft and hard skills to establish methods for creating and sustaining growth. The program teaches how to develop and build business partnerships for long-term wealth creation using customer relationship management and persuasive abilities.

The Business Development Management Syllabus empowers applicants to seek long-term wealth creation for existing and new customers, products, and relationships by developing an awareness of the influence that business development has on a firm. The course teaches students how to establish a company growth plan and a strategy for exploring new possibilities.

The ability to successfully negotiate and settle disagreements is not just useful in everyday life. In professional settings, these soft talents are essential for creating solid relationships, obtaining desired objectives, and creating win-win scenarios. The Negotiation and Conflict Resolution online course aims to provide the knowledge and tools needed to effectively and responsibly resolve disagreements and arbitrate workplace conflicts.

The Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Training teaches how to find common causes of disputes, uncover dispute resolution mechanisms, and explore strong communication tactics with Professor Alan Rycroft, who has maintained a part-time post at the CCMA since 1996 and also has 30+ years of expertise in the negotiation sector, leads the program.

The Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Syllabus covers the development of various soft skills that are essential for building solid connections, obtaining desired objectives, and creating win-win scenarios in both professional and personal settings. The course develops vital skills required for successful management and to recognise, manage, diagnose, resolve and settle disputes quickly.

Need is the mother of innovation, for centuries, innovation has been considered a tool for finding the solution to current challenges to making life easy. Especially those solutions that came into existence by technical disruption. The Oxford Strategic Innovation Programme online course develops strategic knowledge to deal with unforeseen challenges.

The Oxford Strategic Innovation Programme syllabus covers the strategic capacity to respond to the uncertain, fast-paced world as the challenges faced today are unlikely to be faced tomorrow, strategic capacity prepares for future challenges. The course approaches innovation as a tool for tackling challenges that haven’t been predicted yet.

The Oxford Strategic Innovation Programme training provides an overview of innovation, its requirement and how it can be implemented in an organisation or business. Learners will know about various ways of navigating innovation and its implementation within organisation structure, design and culture. The course teaches to build an environment that can adapt to any upcoming unpredictable situations. 

Traditionally, professional service firms used to depend on technical knowledge to stand out from the crowd of the market. But now the new business perspective is becoming quite complex, those factors that used to be the competitive advantage of firms, have now become the basic business prerequisite.

The Leading Professional Service Firms Programme online course is a 6 weeks program by Saïd Business School, the University of Oxford via Getsmarter. The course provides a crucial market edge to the partners of professional service firms and senior leaders. The course teaches to enhance and transform firms for continuous growth in the future.

The Oxford Leading Professional Service Firms Programme syllabus provides knowledge of various strategies and leadership qualities to address different challenges faced by professional service firms. The course provides an Oxford exclusive model to optimize personal, account, and firm for sustainable growth. The Oxford Leading Professional Service Firms Programme training teaches to broaden reputational footprint, deliver client services, enhance expertise and build partner relationships in a personal context.

The Leading an Ethical Business online course provided by Yale School of Management via Getsmarter is a 6 weeks program. The course covers the study of balancing competence with the help of ethical behaviour to build trust with embracing new ways. The course focuses on various initiatives to help organisations and leaders to navigate the complexity of the modern Business environment and make better decisions with the help of corporate social responsibility.

The Leading an Ethical Business syllabus covers appropriate methods and frameworks to overcome a conflict of interest in the business with exploring the base of corporate social responsibility. The course teaches about ethical and business challenges faced by an organisation while implementing corporate social responsibility programs. The Leading an Ethical Business training focuses on overcoming and avoiding evading hiring biases, conflict of interest and diagnose corruption within an organisation. The course also teaches to fight with these challenges and act accordingly with ethical values

In an increasingly complicated world, the choices we make have a tremendous impact on our professional and personal development, as well as the trajectory of our careers,  lives, society and even on organizations. The Decision Making online course offered by the Yale School of Management provides the information and abilities needed to make good decisions in every situation.

According to a CBS News report, A person makes approximately 35,000 decisions every day. Expert professors lead students through the Decision-Making training, and candidates will get a knowledge of the behavioural and psychological motivations, rules, biases, and heuristics that serve as the basis of how judgments are formed.

A Psychology Today report states that 46% of firms fail as a result of poor decision-making by their executives. The Decision-Making syllabus helps candidates to investigate the three fundamental elements of decision making: context, ambiguity, and time in order to better assess their choices to make more informed decisions, regardless of their scenario.

The negotiation strategies course is offered by Get smarter in collaboration with Yale University in online mode. The course provides knowledge to use negotiation skills in the business world. Learning about negotiating a contract or an agreement, influencing major organisational decisions and maintaining better relationships with the clients. The course will help learners to develop negotiation skills for every scenario and to create and maximize the value for all parties through collaborative negotiation. 

The negotiation strategies training programme will be held online with English as a medium of instruction. The course duration will be six weeks. Students will have to invest at least 6 to 8 hours per week to complete the course modules respectively. The course will be instructed by Dr. Daylian Cain, Yale school of management. Students can take admission to the course after registering on the Get smarter portal. At the end of the negotiation strategies course, students will get a certificate of completion. To get all details related to this course, eligibility, application process etc, go through the article below. 

The growing demand for sustainability can be interpreted from the increased attention in media, government, industries, and academia. The six-week Corporate Sustainability, Social Innovation, and Ethics course focus on incorporating sustainable development practices in businesses. 

As policymakers and academicians figure out the relationship between traditional companies and sustainability, students will learn from those real-world conversations.

London’s leading institute, Imperial College Business School, offers this MBA Primer in Corporate Sustainability, Social Innovation, and Ethics by edX. The college is known for delivering excellent education fusing technology, business, and entrepreneurial practices. The course features virtual classes and video lectures in the English language.

The Corporate Sustainability, Social Innovation, and Ethics online program will allow participants to develop an edge in sustainability issues, role and relevance of corporations and policymakers, and decision making. 

Sustainability forms the core of the curriculum, which also includes extensive content on ethics and social innovation. Students can unlock a program certificate by offering a prescribed amount.

As the volume of data in the world increases, so does the requirement for competent leaders who understand how to manage a data-driven business. The Management Analytics: Decision-Making Lessons From the Sports Industry online course is designed to teach executives and managers the technical, strategic, and management skills needed to integrate data analytics into their organisations.

Using research studies from the sports sector, which has pioneered performance analytics, the Management Analytics: Decision-Making Lessons From the Sports Industry training teaches how to leverage data in the company to enhance goal setting, decision making, technology selection, team structure, and communication.

According to the McKinsey survey report, big data analytics have profoundly impacted the marketing and sales processes of 50% of firms. The Management Analytics: Decision-Making Lessons From the Sports Industry syllabus, led by MIT academics and industry opinion leaders, guides through the process of data conversion in the organisation or business from concept to execution.

In today's constantly changing corporate world, executives must be able to handle environmental unpredictability with agility and resilience. The Neuroscience for Business online course helps in understanding how altering thoughts and behaviour may enhance overall productivity in both professional and personal situations by drawing on fundamental scientific concepts.

According to a LinkedIn study, 46% of professionals believe that agility and adaptability should be a top focus for leaders. The Neuroscience for Business training offers an action-oriented approach to leadership, providing participants with the skills they need to evaluate cognitive patterns and restructure behaviours in order to become more successful problem solvers.

MIT Sloan Management review states that 12% of workers feel their leaders have the attitudes required to lead them ahead. The Neuroscience for Business syllabus delves into neuroscience principles such as neuroplasticity in order to remodel organization and mind to become more productive, flexible, and resistant in the position.

Customer loyalty is an aspect that keeps every organization afloat. Organizations can benefit significantly by implementing tried and tested customer retention strategies and frameworks that engage customers and reduce attrition. Get an insight into these strategies with the Kellogg’s Customer Loyalty: A Strategic Approach online course. 

Through this course on Customer Loyalty: A Strategic Approach by Emeritus, you will be able to understand and apply methods and models to increase customer lifetime value, the share of wallet, and optimizing customer loyalty. A loyal customer spends up to 2x more and is over 80% more likely to give precedence to your brand. 

During this six-week online course on Customer Loyalty: A Strategic Approach, you will gain valuable insights into what leading brands offer and avoid in their customer loyalty programs. This course comes with a digital certificate by Kellogg Executive Education and also gives candidates the chance to work on a capstone project.

Professional Certificate in Effective Business Communications online course is a 6 weeks training course by Amity Future Academy in collaboration with the University of British Columbia via course provider edX. The course helps applicants improve their presentation, writing, and interpersonal communication abilities, which will help them thrive in the corporate sector. 

The Professional Certificate in Effective Business Communications training provides a variety of successful business communications techniques and principles developed from experience and observation. The training assists in the development of methods for maintaining interpersonal skills while enhancing conciseness, clarity, and impact.

The Professional Certificate in Effective Business Communications syllabus encourages applicants to think logically about all aspects of communication and teaches them how to interact with a variety of audiences. The curriculum covers developing substantial evidence for effective corporate communication. The program includes Content writing, grammatical skills, nature and concepts of communication, listening, non-verbal communication, presentation skills necessary for effective business communication.

The Reputation Crisis? Facebook meets Cambridge Analytica Training Course will explore the topic of corporate reputations with regard to Facebook and the tech industry. is an open online course provided on the Coursera website through interesting video content. The course will provide a shareable digital certificate for those who complete the assessments and tests.

The Reputation Crisis? Facebook meets Cambridge Analytica Certification Course will discuss different data privacy implications for the big tech and the essential aspects of leadership and culture. The 100% online course is supported by videos, quizzes, discussion forums and has a total of 7 study hours.

The Reputation Crisis? Facebook meets Cambridge Analytica Online Course will assist learners in analysing Mark Zuckerberg’s leadership with respect to the functioning of Facebook. In the final project, learners will get an opportunity to put the theory into practice wherein you can provide recommendations regarding the future working of Facebook.

This course of Professional Certificate in Performance & Competency Management will equip the students with core skills that will be helpful in making them stand out in the industry. These skills include the process of Performance Appraisal, Competency Management Framework, Introduction to Performance Management, Competency Mapping and many more. The curriculum of this programme is designed such that the students have the flexibility of accessing the course materials from wherever they are and whatever time slot they are comfortable in. 

The Professional Certificate in Performance & Competency Management program runs for a total of six weeks during which the students will experience different efficient methods of teaching. This course from Amity University is of intermediate level and hence it will facilitate the improvement of the existing skills of the candidate. The students will be able to complete this course easily by working for 7 hours a week. 

The Professional Certificate in Compensation and Benefits course is offered by Amity Online. This curriculum gives a chance to all the candidates who are interested in this field. By learning through this curriculum candidates can grab an opportunity to gain insights on different facts and information related to the field. This Professional Certificate in Compensation and Benefits online programme provided here by Amity Online is a digital classroom learning course. The duration of this course is 6 weeks. Participants who are keenly interested in pursuing this framework should spend at least 7 hours each week on the curriculum. The Professional Certificate in Compensation and Benefits training programme offered here is of intermediate level and self-paced learning course. Candidates will gain all the necessary information related to the subject on their tips as the course is taught by the experienced faculty. The course structure is designed under expert guidance.