List of Online Courses and Certifications

The 4-week course will in detail provide aspirants the module of digital currency and electronic payment. Live-sessions will be organised every week for the holistic development of the students. Projects will be assigned to every candidate so that they gain remote experience in real-case problems.

The entire course will be guided by the faculty of CKGSB and a virtual live classroom will be organised. The Certification on COVID-19-Driven Digitalization in Asia by Emeritus allows students to participate in group discussions and research projects. Also, aspirants are made aware of the rapid penetration of digital advancements like- AI, smartphones, social media, and IoT. 

The students will learn and analyse the impact of digital technology in the field of economic and business growth. The course vividly covers the recent developments in the world of China’s digital space and marketing. The course will provide students with a new dimension in their career prospects and will also help them to redefine their existing professional growth.

Product leadership is a crucial factor that provides product managers and teams the corporate strategy and opportunity to concentrate on developing better products. Modern Product Leadership online certification is developed by The University of Maryland and the University System of Maryland and taught by John Johnson - Strategic Program Manager, Faculty, Clark School of Engineering, the University of Maryland at the University of Maryland, College Park, which is offered by edX.

Modern Product Leadership online course contains approximately 4 weeks of video lectures that begin by establishing strong leadership because of facts and research before assisting the candidates in aligning product teams, product designs, and product development for efficiency and innovation. Modern Product Leadership online training also covers topics like product communication, product evangelism, conflict resolution, team management, product discovery, and product delivery to help applicants develop the leadership skills necessary to guide product teams and organizations in delivering successful customer solutions while fostering engagement and innovation throughout the business.  Edx gives two varied modes to join the programme; verified and free audit modes. In the former mode, the students will get unlimited access to the course and a certificate of completion whereas in the latter mode, they will get only limited access to it. 

The landscape of marketing has changed dramatically. It is natural for students, business owners, and executives to feel confused and overwhelmed. The Customer-Centric Marketing for Entrepreneurs certification program will teach you about deciding which marketing channels are to be used for a campaign. It will help you understand brand building and how to reach the target audience effectively. 

The Customer-Centric Marketing for Entrepreneurs course by edX will also give practical experience in designing customer-centric marketing campaigns that create traction using the right channel, be it social media, direct sales, or event marketing. Within a short span of four weeks, candidates will learn the required skills to master entrepreneurial marketing.

Customer-Centric Marketing for Entrepreneurs is an intermediate course that is entirely online. It is hosted by edX and taught by educators from Babson College. This curriculum requires an average weekly study time of four to six hours. Candidates who wish to achieve a verified certificate need to complete the course successfully and purchase the certification. They can also take the programme free of cost; but, a limited duration of access will be given to the course. 

A month-long Entrepreneurship Essentials certification is a course that is developed by the Harvard Business School Online. This is a self-paced course that is designed to be taught online by renowned faculty mainly to budding entrepreneurs. This course is here to give introductory ideas on the road ahead for students to start off their entrepreneurial journey. They will be enlightened about finding a new idea, developing it, financing it by raising capital from venture capitalists, and finally gaining traction in the marketplace.

Entrepreneurship Essentials training will explain how entrepreneurs can make experiments so that they can get their ideas and business strategy refined, and validated. This course will help aspiring entrepreneurs and even investors so that they are able to make their final decisions for creating value. This course also provides a completion certificate that will help the candidates delve into the entrepreneurial world, and grow their business to new heights.

The ‘Cost Accounting’ online course is a study about the fundamentals of accounting and finance to learn and control costs we incur and enhance the efficiency of cost management. This online course also dwells on the concepts of decision-making as it provides effective information to make informed decisions. This online training program is provided by the free Swayam online education portal by the Government of India along with the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL). The course classes are conducted for four weeks.

The course instructor for this elective course is the academically and professionally trained, Dr. CA. Varadraj Bapat from the Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai. The students of this program are engaged with the financial concepts of costs, accounting, profit, budgets, and financial planning. 

The ‘Cost Accounting’ online training course equips students with the course certificate after completion of the course study and the certification exam according to the eligibility standards with the gain of academic course credit.

The Web Analytics Course Certification Online by Digital Vidya will teach you core concepts of web analytics, including the basics of analytics, traffic sources, visitors, e-commerce, tools for web analytics, social media analytics, and actionable insights. 

Moreover, the training course encompasses lessons in web analytics to help you use statistical algorithms, analyse, explore, understand data, and generate valuable insights from them. The Web Analytics Course Certification Online training consists of pre-recorded video lessons and presentations crafted by trained experts. 

Also, the course includes instructor-led live sessions, real-time projects, hands-on assignments, interactive feedback, and over 15,000 free SEO tools. Furthermore, the Web Analytics Course Certification Online programme also provides a self-paced training module to skip and rewind lessons as per convenience. 

The Web Analytics Course Certification Online training also involves a research-based internship where you have to create blog posts on the official website of Digital Vidya with your credentials. You will receive the web analytics certification after successful course completion. 

The online course named ‘Create a Robust Financial Plan for Your Business’ is offered by the online educational platform FutureLearn and developed by ‘The EntrepreneurNOW! Network(ENN)’. This programme equips the learners with insights on financial planning and building a strong financial model which influences business progress and sustainability.

The financial model includes the aspects of revenue(predicting incomes), staffing(positions, recruitment process and salary estimation) and expenses while the model eventually formulates the income and cash flow statements. The trainees will observe the emergence of the financial plan and model by setting the numbers and by which business model creation is simplified. This course counters the fear of challenges with the knowledgeable impact of the tools and techniques to form the perfect financial model for developing the business and management.

The ‘Create a Robust Financial Plan for Your Business’ online programme allows the participants to learn at their own pace, discuss, analyse and share ideas with their peers and Ken Burke who is the founder of ‘The EntrepreneurNOW’ as he delivers his valuable inputs on the subject.

The Business Fundamentals for Entrepreneurs (Part 2: External Operation) Certification course is a 4-week online programme that offers an in-depth exploration into the essential facets of running a successful business. Students will gain comprehensive knowledge on how to effectively market their products through the Business Fundamentals for Entrepreneurs (Part 2: External Operation) Certification by NPTEL.

The Business Fundamentals for Entrepreneurs (Part 2: External Operation) training helps students understand how to develop and maintain strong relationships with customers. The course optimises supply chain logistics for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The course will help students manage the financial resources to sustain and grow their ventures.

Also Read: Online Entrepreneurship Certification Courses

The Agricultural Input Marketing (Online) course is designed to equip participants with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the marketing of agricultural inputs. In today's increasingly challenging and competitive market, understanding the dynamics and intricacies of agricultural input marketing is crucial. This Agricultural Input Marketing (Online) certification by IIM Ahmedabad aims to provide a solid foundation of professional marketing skills and insights specific to the agricultural industry.

Throughout the Agricultural Input Marketing (Online) certification course, participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the market environment, consumer behaviour, and segmentation strategies. They will delve into concepts such as product positioning, pricing management, distribution, logistics, and promotion strategies tailored to agricultural inputs. The curriculum taught by experts at IIMA also covers crucial aspects like brand management, finance, market research methods, and policy considerations.

Also read,

• Marketing Certification Courses
• Sales And Marketing Communication Certification Courses

The Experiments for Business Decisions (Online) certification will assist organizations with settling on thorough proof that is based on choices. It is with respect to experimentation, rather than depending exclusively on "gut feel" or "presence of mind." The objective of this program is to urge associations to build up a trial attitude and embrace precise "test and learn" approaches for reaching the correct results. 

The program will confer basic aptitudes for decision making, their investigation, and the understanding of results. Learning from this program will be applicable for marketing strategy from business strategy to creation and tasks arranging, and from evaluating to item structure. The most recent decades have seen wonderful development in the utilization of examinations in business dynamics. 

Trial approaches taught in Experiments for Business Decisions (Online) certification are helping organizations across divisions and topographies to discover viable and effective systems for improving their items and services as well. Investigations drive development. Associations utilize test results for improving the nature of online social connections and growing new operational methodologies, etc.

The Marketing Luxury: Understanding the Complexities of a New World of Business (Online) course by IIM Ahmedabad explores the luxury industry from a marketing angle. You will see why most traditional marketing rules do not apply to the marketing of luxury products and services. 

Generally, the luxury industry is unaffected by recessions. As the world keeps getting wealthier, a larger chunk of this wealth gets spent on the pursuit of luxury. But the word luxury itself may have different meanings and definitions for people from different backgrounds, groups, communities, etc. 

That is why the Marketing Luxury: Understanding the Complexities of a New World of Business (Online) program begins by explaining the concept of luxury.

Then, the Marketing Luxury: Understanding the Complexities of a New World of Business (Online) certification course takes candidates through the different stages of luxury marketing, from industry overview, pricing strategies, and brand building to licensing and distribution of a luxury brand.

Many firms use Artificial Intelligence to optimize procedures and boost productivity. Digital Skills: Artificial Intelligence course explains AI in action, its benefits and drawbacks, and studies the ethics of responsible AI, and Digital Skills: Artificial Intelligence certification is completely developed by Accenture's professionals which FutureLearn offers. Digital Skills: Artificial Intelligence syllabus includes three weeks of duration, two hours of weekly study, extensive learning resources, and unrestricted access to the course for people who wish to build and analyze how AI breakthroughs may affect their work and increase their understanding of artificial intelligence.

Businesses that want to expand internationally must go through the process of globalization. Since there is a market for their products nowadays, businesses are more eager to operate on a worldwide scale. There is yet another explanation for this phenomenon. Becoming Part of the Globalised Workplace certification course is created by the National University of Singapore and taught by Susan Lee - Lecturer, which is made available through Coursera.

Becoming Part of the Globalised Workplace online course seeks to help participants increase their confidence and adaptation when speaking in an audience with diverse cultures. Participants in the Becoming Part of the Globalised Workplace online classes will have developed the abilities of persuasive communication and intercultural communication in a globalized workplace, which may include conversations and presentations to important stakeholders as well as an efficient delegation of duties to group members.

Supply Chain Comprehensive Exam online certification is developed by Chris Caplice - Director, MITx MicroMasters Program in Supply Chain Management, and Eva Ponce - Executive Director, MITx MicroMasters Program in Supply Chain Management at MIT, which is delivered by the edX organization for individuals who want to enhance their knowledge and expertise as supply chain professionals by understanding the advanced concepts from the supply chain MicroMasters series.

Supply Chain Comprehensive Exam online course comprises five in-depth online modules, SC0x, SC1x, SC2x, SC3x, and SC4x, which together with the extensive qualifying examination cover all areas of logistics and SCM. A total of 20 hours of virtual instructor-led lectures will be made available to individuals in the Supply Chain Comprehensive Exam online classes to assist them in mastering both the fundamental and more complex SCM topics. In addition, two proctored certificate exams with quantitative and qualitative questions are part of the premium version of this course. Participants will get the option to enroll either in the free audit track that offers limited access or they can choose to upgrade to the paid version that is known as the verified track.

Conversations with clients and stakeholders both inside and outside of a business can be initiated with the help of content strategy, which offers thought leadership. Conversations allow individuals to construct narratives that promote knowledge and use mental images while also being a natural approach for people to think about complex subjects. Content Strategy for Professionals: Engaging Audiences certification course is created by Northwestern University and is taught by John Lavine - Founder, Professor, Director, & Media Management Center, Candy Lee - Professor, and Randy Hlavac  - CEO of Marketing Synergy, Inc which is delivered by Coursera.

Content Strategy for Professionals: Engaging Audiences online course is intended for practitioners at all organizational levels who wish to effectively apply their significant, strategic tales and information while utilizing tried-and-true tools and approaches to improve an audience's experiences and interests. Content Strategy for Professionals: Engaging Audiences online classes involve 6 hours of learning resources that cover subjects including brand management, content marketing, user experience, persona, media engagement, content strategies, and more.

Commercial law, often referred to as commercial law or trade law, is the set of rules that govern the rights, relationships, and actions of individuals and businesses involved in commerce, trade, and marketing. It is frequently seen as a component of the legal system and deals with both private and public legal issues. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign created the Corporate & Commercial Law II: Business Forms, Financing, and Governmental Regulation certification course, which is taught by Professor Michael R Fricke - Teaching Assistant Professor, and is available through Coursera.

Corporate & Commercial Law II: Business Forms, Financing & Governmental Regulation online course is the second part of the two-part series on corporate and commercial law that primarily focuses on three primary topics: company organizations, business financing, and. Corporate & Commercial Law II: Business Forms, Financing & Governmental Regulation online classes contain 3 weeks of prerecorded lessons that discuss topics like business forms, government laws, bank financing, debt financing, bankruptcy, trading, and more.

Remote Work Revolution for Everyone is the practice of professionals performing their duties from locations outside of the company's corporate headquarters. An employee's residence, a founder or other common area, a personal office, or any other place other than the usual corporate headquarters building or campus could be considered. Remote Work Revolution for Everyone online certification is designed by Harvard University and is taught by Tsedal Neeley - Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, which is delivered by EdX.

Remote Work Revolution for Everyone online training is aimed at participants who want to learn how to develop trust, enhance productivity, utilize digital tools effectively, and stay fully integrated with their remote team. Participants in the Remote Work Revolution for Everyone online classes will receive approximately 3 weeks of learning resources that discuss the features and functions of various digital tools useful for leading remote teams and developing ways to keep their teams motivated, connected, and productive. The self-paced course provides two varied enrolment options; verified and free audit. In the verified mode, the learners can get unlimited access and a certificate of completion whereas in the free mode, they can only audit the programme for a limited period. 

Drones for Agriculture: Prepare and Design Your Drone (UAV) Mission certification course is created by WageningenX and taught by Dr Ir. Lammert Kooistra - Associate Professor in Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing at Wageningen University & Research and Dr João Valente - Assistant Professor in UAVs, Robotics & AI at the Information Technology Group Wageningen University & Research at Wageningen University & Research, which is presented by edX.

Drones for Agriculture: Prepare and Design Your Drone (UAV) Mission online course is intended for agricultural professionals, multidisciplinary technical investigators, and learners who want to master how to utilize a small, commercially available drone to capture high-resolution images of agricultural fields. With Drones for Agriculture: Prepare and Design Your Drone (UAV) Mission online training, learners will also be taught about topics like several drone laws, flight planning, mission planning, data collection, and data visualization as well as will be produced with an understanding of the aerial mapping and how to implement it in a programmable small drone. EdX provides two varied options to enrol in the self-paced programme; verified and audit-free. In the verified mode, the students can access the course materials for an unlimited duration and in the free mode, they can audit it only for a limited period. 

The continuous process of turning corporate aims and targets into a strategy that employs content as the main tool for accomplishing those goals is known as content strategy. Content Strategy for Professionals: Ensuring Your Content's Impact online certification was developed by Northwestern University and is available through Coursera, which is taught by Candy Lee, a professor, John Lavine, the founder, professor, and director of the Media Management Center, and Randy Hlavac, a professor at Northwestern University and the CEO of Marketing Synergy, Inc.

Content Strategy for Professionals: Ensuring Your Content's Impact online course is the fourth course in the Content Strategy for Professionals Specialization which guides students through the fundamentals of visual communication and shows them how to make font selections, photography, and videography more compelling. Content Strategy for Professionals: Ensuring Your Content's Impact online classes cover subjects like typography, gestalt theory, and storytelling in addition to teaching students how to use their stories to engage an audience and use tested methods and approaches to improve an audience's experience and interests.

During the application-focused learning experience known as "Leading Innovation," applicants learn how to apply their innate leadership skills and qualities to promote bottom-up innovation and influence others through advanced innovation. Leading Innovation in Arts and Culture online certification is designed by Vanderbilt University and National Arts Strategies and taught by David A. Owens - Ph.D., PE & Professor, and Jim Rosenberg - Independent Consultant & Senior Advisor at NAS, which is delivered by Coursera. 

Leading Innovation in Arts and Culture online training is designed to empower leaders in the arts and culture to foster a culture where new concepts are continuously developed, disseminated, and assessed, with the most effective ones being successfully implemented. With the assistance of the Leading Innovation in Arts and Culture online course, applicants will learn about topics like art, culture, innovation strategy, and different types of innovation constraints, which is helpful for applicants working in the performing arts, galleries, wildlife sanctuaries, libraries, and other cultural organizations that create environments where new management and program concepts can thrive.

Business model development is the introduction of innovative, distinctive solutions that support a company's financial stability, including its mission, as well as the procedures for making those ideas a reality. Business model innovation's main objective is to create new revenue streams by enhancing the quality of the business and the customer experience. The Business Model Innovation online certification was created by HEC Paris and is offered by Coursera and is taught by Laurence Lehmann-Ortega, affiliate professor, and Hélène Musikas, affiliate professor.

Business Model Innovation online classes comprise 14 hours of study materials that begin with a thorough examination of the three business model pillars and provide participants access to the Odyssey approach to assist them in developing the skills necessary to create or redesign business models. Business Model Innovation online course explains the topics like business strategy, strategic management, value proposition, and business modeling as well as provides an understanding of a comprehensive framework and toolkit that can be used to create, devise, or recreate business models in a very methodical manner.

AutoCAD is a desktop designing and drafting system used to produce 2D and 3D layouts as well as other engineering projects. In addition to these areas, AutoCAD is a program generally employed in the fields like mechanical, civil, electronics, electrical, and aeronautical engineering. Autodesk Certified Professional: AutoCAD for Design and Drafting Exam Prep online certification is designed and taught by Autodesk, which is delivered by Coursera.

Autodesk Certified Professional: AutoCAD for Design and Drafting Exam Prep online  training follows the standard workflow and functionalities of the AutoCAD and corresponds with the objectives of the Autodesk certified professional examination. Autodesk Certified Professional: AutoCAD for Design and Drafting Exam Prep online course includes lectures on drawing, advanced editing features, organizing objects, printing, outputs, reusable content, annotation techniques, and drawing management. 

The strategists play a vital role in planning the systems but their contribution in the implementation and execution processes also hold utmost importance. The organisational structures, people, leadership skills and monitoring systems are involved in the implementation process. The demand for dexterous strategy implementation is soaring high. All the organisations seek to either employ new people with these skills or train their existing employees to increase their competence. It is not sufficient to only acknowledge the importance of the strategy development programme but also to train and gain the capabilities to manoeuvre through today’s business world. 

Strategy Implementation Programme Course will cover all the important concepts that would be required to manage and direct the implementation process. It is a brief course programme that would ensure that the participants are educated in all the methodologies and modals that could be applied in order to enable effective execution of their planned strategies.

Interactive classroom sessions and panel discussions are a part of the Strategy Implementation Programme curriculum. These activities keep the programme interesting and motivate the participants to research and form their own ideas and innovative postulations. The case studies are found at the end of each topic. Its purpose is to provide a glimpse into real-life challenges and prepare the trainees to deal with those when faced with such obstacles. 

Postharvest loss reduction is crucial to ACF's efforts to fight hunger, generate revenues, and enhance vulnerable populations' access to food and livelihoods. Post-harvest practices and value addition are essential elements of ACF's plans to boost agricultural productivity and connections between farmers and markets. Global Postharvest Loss Prevention: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Actors online certification is taught by Dr. Prasanta Kalita - Director of the ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss, and designed by the University of Illinois, which is delivered by Coursera.

Global Postharvest Loss Prevention: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Actors online training provide an overview of the subject of grain postharvest loss by covering the primary physical, technological, and social components of worldwide postharvest supply chains and loss prevention measures. Global Postharvest Loss Prevention: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Actors online classes involve 2 weeks of detailed lectures which aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the topics like food insecurity, food security, postharvest supply chain, and grain management, grain storage, and much more.

Developing a comprehensive insight into the level of understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) and how to distinguish between reality and hype Artificial intelligence is the modelling of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. 

The Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Fact and Fiction course explains how to learn different elements of human intellect and differentiate between the claims and existing realities of AI. The Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Fact and Fiction certification was developed by Coventry University, which received five QS Stars for Teaching and Online Learning, which is offered through FutureLearn. Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Fact and Fiction training is a comprehensive programme that comprises two weeks of open-level digital lessons, operates entirely online with an unlimited membership and teaches about the characteristics of human intellect as well as the reality of AI.

Corporate law is concerned with the aspects of the law of asset manufacture and distribution, whereas commercial law is concerned with acquisitions, mergers, business creation, and institutional ownership. Corporate & Commercial Law I: Contracts & Employment Law online certification was developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is taught by Professor Michael R Fricke - Assistant Professor through Coursera.

Corporate & Commercial Law I: Contracts & Employment Law online course involves 2 weeks of lectures designed to educate applicants with an understanding of how various areas of the law affect businesses and their operations, with an emphasis on preparing for the business law elements of the CPA examination's REG section. By the end of the Corporate & Commercial Law I: Contracts & Employment Law online training, applicants will be able to recognize the legal rules that apply to various business scenarios and apply those rules to a situation to establish the result when the law is applied to the circumstances of a scene. 

Nanosensors are mechanical or chemical instruments that can be used to measure physical conditions such as temperature or to indicate the existence of different molecules and nanoparticles. They are used in other chemicals, food and water quality detection, and standard medical applications. Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Part 2 certification course is designed by Technion - Israel Institute of Technology and taught by Prof. Hossam Haick - Head of the Laboratory for Nanomaterial-Based Devices & Volatile Biomarkers, which is delivered by Coursera.

Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Part 2 online training is a self-paced program that involved 2 weeks of video-based learning materials available to assist individuals to gain a basic understanding of the principles underlying nanotechnology and nanomaterials, as well as their critical role in innovative sensing applications and characteristics. Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Part 2 online classes, provide interesting multidisciplinary technological and scientific data at the nanoscale to comprehend the fundamental physical characteristics of the nanosensors and clarify how they might be utilized for modern innovations.

Personal Finance & Investment Planning Course online certification is designed by Board Infinity, an online educational platform that will help learners succeed to achieve their professional goals. The Personal Finance & Investment Planning Course online classes by Board Infinity are for learners who wish to learn about financial concepts so that they can begin their personal finance and investment journey.

Personal Finance & Investment Planning Course online classes contain more than 1 week of comprehensive digital video-based learning tools are included in each class, along with case studies and assignments that focus on assisting learners in developing customized investment plans. Learners will be able to walk through the ideas of personal finance planning and have a grasp of how to plan for both short- and long-term investment goals after completing this course. Learners will gain a thorough understanding of concepts such as personal finance management, traditional investment, alternative investment, SIP, equities, bonds, real estate, gold bonds, asset diversification, sovereign bonds, recurring deposit, fixed deposit, tax planning under section 80C, SEBI control, and many others by the end of this course.

Strategies are an important aspect of the development of businesses. An effective strategy has the calibre to move the trajectory of business in the upward direction. The board of directors and decision-makers of the company should not just be focused on their own strategies but should consider making such strategies that shall prove to be better than their competitors. The Competitive Strategy course is an initiative taken by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) and it is available on the online learning platform Coursera. 

Competitive Strategy training will be delivered by the experts through online mode to the learners who are keen to learn about effective business strategies for the development of business. The duration of the course is 2 weeks, and the total time period to complete the classes is approximately 18 hours. The platform is offering online learning with flexible deadlines to the candidates. This is one out of the four courses available for making effective strategies in business at LMU. The candidates will receive Competitive Strategy certification by the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Coursera. 

Business strategies and sustainability are not such concepts that are believed to be taken into practice together. But in the lieu of time, it is important to make and implement such strategies that shall also be in favor of the environment. The strategies implemented in the organizations should include the concept of sustainability for the greener development of the company. The concept of sustainability and strategy making is gradually becoming part of every organization. The course on Strategy and Sustainability is an initiative by IESE, Business School University of Navarra, and Coursera. This is based on Rosenberg’s published book by Palgrave. 

Strategy and Sustainability training closely discuss the complexity of issues and the need for an hour to practice sustainable development for a better tomorrow. It is a thought-provoking course that shall expose students to the critical situation of mother earth and the strategies for business. This is a self-paced online course of 2 weeks available on the Coursera portal. The learners who opt for the certificate course will receive Strategy and Sustainability certification by the IESE Business School, University of Navarra, and Coursera at the end of the course.