Question : Comprehension:

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labor, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survived, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field surveys), for example, buildings, monuments, and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, and even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!

Question:

Much of the economy in the Roman empire was run on:

Option 1: slave labour

Option 2: scholars

Option 3: women

Option 4: archaeologists

Question : Given below are four sentences, three of which, are jumbled. Pick the option that gives the correct order.

A. It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.
B. The brick structure was crowned by the chhatri, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics.
C. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of Indian architecture.
D. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha.

Option 1: CDAB

Option 2: CBAD

Option 3: CADB

Option 4: CBDA

Question : Comprehension:

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labor, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survive, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field survey), for example, buildings, monuments and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!

Question:

Which of these statements is NOT true?

Option 1: Texts, documents and material remains were the main sources for the historians.

Option 2: Inscriptions were carved in Greek and Latin.

Option 3: Archaeologists make discoveries through excavations.

Option 4: The Roman empire flourished longer in the west

Question : What impact does urbanization have on social structures in India?

Option 1: It strengthens traditional caste hierarchies

Option 2: It leads to the dissolution of joint families

Option 3: It promotes gender segregation

Option 4: It increases rural prosperity

Question : Assertion: The management principles used in the public sector can also be applied in the nonprofit sector.

Reason: Both sectors have similar organizational structures and goals.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
 

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are incorrect.
 

Option 3: The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
 

Option 4: The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Option 5: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question : Assertion: A tall organizational structure promotes effective communication.

Reason: Tall structures have fewer levels of management, leading to quicker decision-making.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Question : The use of monolithic structures in Vijayanagar architecture is an example of:

Option 1: Influence of Islamic architecture

Option 2: Innovation in construction techniques

Option 3: Adoption of European architectural styles

Option 4: Influence of Buddhist architecture

Question : Statement 1: A tall organizational structure promotes a narrower span of control.

Statement 2: Tall structures have fewer levels of management.

Option 1: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.

Option 2: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.

Option 3: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.

Option 4: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false.

Question : Assertion: A tall organizational structure promotes a wide span of control.

Reason: Tall structures have multiple layers of management.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Question : Statement 1: A tall organizational structure promotes a narrower span of control.

Statement 2: Tall structures have fewer levels of management.

Option 1: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.

Option 2: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.

Option 3: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.

Option 4: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false.