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Hello,

Hardy Schulze Rule tells that the required amount of electrolyte for the coagulation of a definite quantity of colloidal solution is dependent on the valency of the coagulating ion (which holds a charge that is opposite to the charge of colloidal particles) .

The ions of the electrolyte that

Hi,

For applying to the M.Sc chemistry program at Banaras Hindu University a candidate need to have studied  chemistry in all the three years of B.Sc. To take admission in M.Sc chemistry at B.H.U math is not a compulsory subject.

as according to the guidelines of B.H.U

"B.Sc. (Hons.)/ B.Sc.

Hello,

The pressure of vapour or vapour pressure above a liquid , when a dynamic equilibrium is set up between exaporation and condensation is a tightly closed system at a particular specific temperature is called saturated vapour pressure is known as Saturated or equilibrium vapour pressure.

hello

Nodal Plane - It is an imaginary plane passing through the nucleus on which the probability of finding an electron is nil or zero.

An orbital has 'l' nodal planes where l is Azimuthal/Secondary/Subsidary or Angular momentum quantum structure.

For examples : s orbital has no nodal plane, p

Hello,

This Law of isomorphism or the law of isomorphism is the approximate law with suggest the Crystal composition that is composed of same number of similar elements tend to demonstrate isomorphism. This law can also be stated that the substances which have similar composition and same crystal structure with

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Polymorphism - It is the existence of a chemical in two (dimorphism) or more forms in the same stare. ZnS exists as wurtzite and sphalerite structure.

Monotropy - It is the existence of allotropes without transition temperature.Eg - Diamond and Graphite.

Enantiotropy - It is the opposite of

Exceptions to Octet Rule

IncompleteOctet

• Halides of Group 13
• BF3 AlCl3 BCl3
• Hydride of Group 13
• BeCl2 , ZnCl2 G,CH3)3

Expansion of octet

• Central Atom has more than 8e  PCl5-SF6

Pseudo Inert Gas Configuration

CATIONS WITH 18E IN OUTER MOST SHELL

• Ga+3
• Cu+
• Ag+
• Zn+2
• Sn+4
• Pb4+

Cations Having 9

Hello,

Vander Waals Force Characteristics

Non directional

Electrical Forces

Types

1. Keesom Force/Dipole Dipole Force : Cause Orientation effect
2. Debye Force /Dipole Induced dipole force :Forces resulting from the interaction of permanent dipoles
3. London Dispersion Force /Instantaneous dipole instantaneous induce dipole attraction(In atoms of noble gases/halogens).OCCURS due to vibration/moment of atom