Question : Directions: In the following question, three statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
Statements:
Some books are novels.
All novels are magazines.
Some magazines are journals.
Conclusions:
I. Some novels are journals.
II. Some books are magazines.
III. All books are magazines.
IV. No novel is a journal.
Option 1: Only II follows
Option 2: Only III follows
Option 3: Either I or II follows
Option 4: Either I or IV and conclusion II follow
Correct Answer: Either I or IV and conclusion II follow
Solution : The possible Venn diagram, according to the given statements is as follows –
Let's analyse the conclusions –
Conclusion (I):
Some novels are journals – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is no direct relation between novels and journals. So, no definite relation can be drawn. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion (II):
Some books are magazines – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circles representing books and novels overlap and have a part of their area in common. So, from this, it can be concluded that some books are magazines. Therefore, this conclusion follows.
Conclusion (III):
All books are magazines – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that the circles representing books and novels overlap and have a part of their area in common. So, from this, it can be concluded that some books are magazines. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
Conclusion (IV):
No novel is a journal – From the Venn diagram, it is evident that there is no direct relation between novels and journals. So, no definite relation can be drawn. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.
So, either Conclusion I or Conclusion IV and Conclusion II follow. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
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