Correct Answer: Greater awareness and action on environmental issues  
 

Solution : An impact of Environmental Movements in India is greater awareness and action on environmental issues, leading to initiatives and policies aimed at preserving the environment.

Correct Answer: Urban sprawl  
    

Solution : Urban sprawl is associated with population change in urban areas, as cities expand into surrounding regions to accommodate growing populations.

Correct Answer: The dissolution of the Bihar state government

Solution : The Bihar movement, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, called for the dissolution of the Bihar state government due to corruption and mismanagement.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The Green Revolution in India did lead to a significant increase in agricultural production, supporting the assertion. The introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, such as dwarf wheat and rice, along with the adoption of modern farming techniques, including the use of fertilizers and irrigation, resulted in higher crop yields. This led to a substantial increase in agricultural production, helping to address food shortages and improve food security in the country.

The reason provided correctly explains the assertion. The adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and modern farming techniques played a crucial role in increasing crop productivity and overall agricultural production. These advancements allowed farmers to obtain higher yields from their land and contribute to the overall increase in agricultural output during the Green Revolution.

Therefore, the correct answer is that both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

The NHM was launched by the Government of India to promote holistic growth in the horticulture sector and enhance the productivity, quality, and profitability of horticultural crops. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare plays a key role in formulating policies, providing financial support, and coordinating the implementation of various horticulture-related programs and initiatives.

The NHM aims to strengthen the horticulture value chain by addressing production constraints, supporting infrastructure development, promoting post-harvest management and value addition, and facilitating market access for horticultural produce. It also focuses on capacity building, research and development, and technology dissemination to enhance the skills and knowledge of farmers and stakeholders in the horticulture sector.

While the National Horticulture Board (NHB), Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) are also involved in various aspects of horticulture development, the primary responsibility for implementing the NHM lies with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Correct Answer: Only A

Solution : A: Currently, the livestock industry offers over 70 million small and marginal farmers as well as landless laborers alternative means of subsistence.
B: For the local population to meet their fundamental needs and lead a socially and economically productive existence, rural areas require infrastructure assets such as rural roads, rails, bridges, irrigation systems, water supply, schools, health centers, and markets.
Hence option a is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: Adaptation of traditional agricultural methods
 

Solution : Francis Buchanan-Hamilton's observations on rural society highlighted the adaptation of traditional agricultural methods, providing insights into how rural communities continued to employ age-old farming techniques amidst changing circumstances.

Correct Answer: ACBD

Solution : The correct choice is the third option.

The initial sentence (A) introduces the concept of biogas as a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The subsequent sentence (C) explains the process of biogas production through anaerobic degradation, clarifying that it occurs in the absence of oxygen. The third sentence (B) follows by highlighting the positive aspects of biogas, stating that it is a non-polluting, clean, and low-cost fuel. Finally, the last sentence (D) concludes the paragraph by noting that biogas is primarily used in rural areas where ample animal and agricultural waste is available, eliminating the risk of health hazards associated with other fuels.

Therefore, the correct answer is ACBD.

Correct Answer: By providing training and financing
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) By providing training and financing

The establishment of a cooperative society in a rural area for the production of organic agricultural products, along with seeking support from government schemes for financing and training, would likely benefit rural farmers by enhancing their skills, knowledge, and access to financial resources. This support can contribute to the overall development and sustainability of agriculture in the rural community.

Correct Answer: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

NABARD is a specialized development bank in India that focuses on the agricultural and rural sectors. It provides long-term credit to farmers for various agricultural activities, including crop production, land development, farm mechanization, irrigation, and other allied activities.

NABARD offers credit facilities to farmers through its Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) and other agricultural development programs. It provides loans to farmers through cooperative banks, regional rural banks (RRBs), and other financial institutions.

In addition to providing credit, NABARD also plays a crucial role in promoting rural development, rural infrastructure, agricultural research and development, and capacity building among farmers and rural communities.

While the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India and plays a regulatory role in the overall banking system, including setting monetary policies, it is NABARD that specifically focuses on providing long-term credit to farmers and rural development.