Correct Answer: By examining the shifts in land ownership patterns

Solution : Correct Option: Option 2
Explanation: Historians use Ain-i-Akbari to understand the impact of Akbar's administrative reforms on rural society by examining the shifts in land ownership patterns, which were a crucial aspect of his efforts to restructure agrarian relations.

Correct Answer: Increase in agricultural exports

Solution : A significant economic change in 19th-century rural society due to British policies was the increase in agricultural exports. The colonial demand for cash crops such as indigo, cotton, and tea led to a shift in agricultural practices and contributed to the growth of commercial agriculture.

Correct Answer: Agricultural runoff

Solution : The correct answer is (D) Agricultural runoff.

Non-point source pollution refers to the pollution that does not originate from a single, identifiable source. It occurs when pollutants are carried into water bodies through runoff from diffuse sources, such as agricultural fields, urban areas, and natural landscapes. These sources are characterized by widespread and scattered pollutant inputs, making it challenging to trace the exact origin of the pollution.

Among the options provided, agricultural runoff best represents a non-point source of water pollution. When rainfall or irrigation water runs off agricultural fields, it can carry various pollutants, including fertilizers, pesticides, sediment, and animal waste, into nearby water bodies. These pollutants can degrade water quality, harm aquatic ecosystems, and negatively impact human health.

Correct Answer: Insufficient support for small farmers

Solution : A major criticism of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy is that it provides insufficient support for small farmers, with much of the funding going to larger agricultural enterprises.

Correct Answer: Agricultural reforms

Solution : The correct answer is (b) agricultural reforms.

The Green Revolution in India was a major agricultural initiative that took place during the 1960s and 1970s. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity and food production through the adoption of modern agricultural practices, technologies, and inputs.

The Green Revolution focused on implementing agricultural reforms to address the challenges of food scarcity and ensure food security for the growing population. The key components of the Green Revolution included the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, improved irrigation systems, and better farm management practices.

Correct Answer: It facilitated the import of machinery and raw materials  

Solution : The development of the Mumbai Port facilitated the import of machinery and raw materials, which was crucial for the growth of industries such as textiles in the city during the 19th century.

Correct Answer: Dispersion due to agricultural land use

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: Rural settlements are often dispersed due to agricultural land use, as they are spread out to accommodate farming activities and access to arable land.

Correct Answer: Bony : Haggard

Solution : Given:
Blaze : Eruption; Blaze means a very large or fiercely burning fire, and Eruption means an explosion of steam and lava from a volcano. So, Blaze and Eruption are synonyms.

First option: Bookie : Boom; Bookie means a bookmaker, and Boom means a loud sound. So the words are not synonyms.
Second option: Bony : Haggard; Bony means a lean and thin person, and Haggard means an unwell and thin person. So, Bony and Haggard are synonyms.
Third option: Borax : Boor; Borax is a white crystalline compound, and Boor is a rough and ill-mannered person. So the words are not synonyms.
Fourth option: Boron : Bossy; Boron is a metal element, Bossy means a dominating person. So the words are not synonyms.

Hence, the second option is correct.

Correct Answer: Manufacturing plastics and synthetic materials

Solution : Petrochemicals are used primarily in the manufacturing of plastics, synthetic fibers, and other materials derived from petroleum and natural gas.

Correct Answer: Promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas.

The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in India primarily focuses on promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas. It aims to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods by organizing rural poor households into self-help groups (SHGs) and supporting them in developing sustainable livelihoods. NRLM provides various interventions such as access to credit, skill development, capacity building, market linkages, and social security to empower rural households and enable them to generate income and become self-reliant. The mission is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.