Critical Reasoning: Meaning, Reasoning Questions with Answers, Tricks

Types of Critical Reasoning

There are the following types of critical reasoning questions asked in exams -

1. Statement and Argument

2. Statement and Assumption

3. Statement and Conclusion

4. Statement and Course of Action

5. Cause and Effect

6. Statement and Inference

Let’s understand each type in detail -

1. Statement and Argument

In this type of critical reasoning, one or multiple statements are given in the question and these statements are followed by arguments. Argument means some point of view against the given statement and an aspirant has to determine which of the following argument(s) is correct according to the given statement.

Example:

Directions: In the following question, a statement is given, followed by two arguments, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given arguments, if any, follows from the given statement.

Statement:

Should songs be eliminated from Indian movies?

Arguments:

I. Yes, Hollywood movies are hits despite having no songs.

II. No, songs help to increase the length of the movie.

1) If only argument I is strong

2) If only argument II is strong

3) If both I and II are strong

4) If neither I nor II is strong

Solution:

According to the given statement –

Argument I: Yes, Hollywood movies are hits despite having no songs – States that Hollywood movies are successful despite not having songs. While this suggests that songs might not be a crucial factor for success, it doesn't directly address whether songs should be eliminated from Indian movies.

Argument II: No, songs help to increase the length of the movie – Points out that songs help to increase the length of the movie. It doesn't provide a strong reason for keeping songs in Indian movies.

Therefore, neither argument I nor II strongly follows the given statement. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

2. Statement and Assumption

In this type of critical reasoning, statements are assumptions and an aspirant needs to determine which of the following assumptions are correct.

Example:

Directions: In the following question, one / two statements are given, each followed by two conclusions/assumptions, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions/assumptions, if any, follows from the given statement.

Statement:

Continuous training is essential for all employees to increase their productivity.

Assumptions:

I. Training is an essential component of productivity.

II. Profitability and productivity are supplementary to each other.

1) Both assumptions I and II are implicit

2) Only assumption I is implicit

3) Only assumption II is implicit

4) Neither assumption I nor II is implicit

Solution :

Based on the given statements, let's analyse the given assumptions –

Assumption I: Training is an essential component of productivity – In the above statement, it is being said that to increase productivity continuous training is required. Therefore, it is an essential component. Thus, this assumption is correct.

Assumption II: Profitability and productivity are supplementary to each other – In the above statement, there is no indication of profitability. Thus, this assumption is incorrect.

So, the only assumption I is implicit. Hence, the second option is correct.

3. Statement and Conclusion

In this type of critical reasoning, statements are given in the question and these statements are followed by some conclusions, an aspirant needs to make decisions based on these statements.

Example:

Directions: In the following question, two statements are given, each followed by two conclusions, I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follows from the given statements.

Statements:

I. Regular polygon has equal sides and equal angles.

II. Square is a regular polygon.

Conclusions:

I. Square has equal sides.

II. Square has equal angles.

1) Conclusion II follows

2) Both conclusions I and II follow

3) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

4) Conclusion I follows

Solution:

According to the given statements, let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion I: Square has equal sides – Based on the given statements, it is given that square is a regular polygon and each regular polygon has equal sides and equal angles. Therefore, from this, it can be concluded that a square has equal sides.

Conclusion II: Square has equal angles – Based on the given statements, it is given that square is a regular polygon and each regular polygon has equal sides and equal angles. Therefore, from this, it can be concluded that a square has equal angles.

So, both the conclusions I and II follow. Hence, the second option is correct.

4. Statement and Course of Action

In this type of critical reasoning question, in the statement, a situation is given and this statement is followed by a course of action. Based on the statement an aspirant needs to determine which of the following course of action is correct according to the statement given.

Example:

Directions: A passenger on a train is very upset because there is a mix-up with her train ticket reservation.

1) Tell her how to avoid mistakes

2) Tell her how you booked your ticket

3) Try to calm her down

4) Get irritated with her

Solution:

Let's check each option according to the given statement –

First option: Tell her how to avoid mistakes.

The situation at hand involves a passenger who is currently experiencing distress due to a mix-up with her train ticket reservation. We must address the root cause of the problem and seek a resolution, rather than simply providing advice on how to prevent similar mistakes in the future.

Second option: Tell her how you booked your ticket.

The current situation pertains to a passenger who is grappling with a mix-up in her train ticket reservation, causing her considerable distress. We must identify and tackle the underlying cause of this problem, rather than simply offering generic advice on booking a train ticket.

Third option: Try to calm her down.

A distressed passenger aboard a train is experiencing significant emotional turmoil due to an unfortunate error in her train ticket reservation. Our first course of action should be to provide her with comfort and reassurance, allowing her to regain a sense of calm and composure so that we can work together to find a solution to her predicament.

Fourth option: Get irritated with her.

It is important to remember that in a challenging situation, it is not productive to become annoyed with an individual who may be experiencing difficulty. Instead, we should prioritize finding a solution to the issue at hand and ensuring that the individual can proceed with their journey without encountering any additional inconvenience or discomfort.

Hence, the third option is correct.

5. Cause & Effect

In this type of critical reasoning, two statements are given in the question and an aspirant needs to determine which of the following is the cause or effect or whether these statements are effects of independent cause or common cause.

Example:

Directions: In this question, two statements I and II have been given. These statements may be independent causes or effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of the statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both statements and select the correct answer.

I. This year College X reduced the cut-off marks to 50 from 60 for the entrance exam.

II. In the last two years, the Students Union in College X has been actively negotiating with the college administration regarding the Quality of food and Health and Hygiene standards at the College Canteen.

1) II is the cause and I is its possible effect

2) I is the cause and II is its possible effect

3) Both I and II are effects of independent causes

4) Both I and II are independent causes

Solution:

Given:

Statements:

I. This year College X reduced the cut-off marks to 50 from 60 for the entrance exam.

II. In the last two years, the Students Union in College X has been actively negotiating with the college administration regarding the Quality of food and Health and Hygiene standards at the College Canteen.

From the above-given statements, it is clear that there is no relation between the reduction in the cut-off marks and the negotiation being done with the college administration regarding the Quality of food and Health and Hygiene standards at the College Canteen.

So, both I and II are effects of independent causes. Hence, the third option is correct.

6. Statement and Inference

The inference is a logical deduction of the given statement. In this type of question, a passage or statement is followed by an inference and according to the given statement or passage an aspirant has to determine whether the inference is probably, definitely true or false.

Example:

Directions: What do you infer from the following set of statements?

Statements:

I. I have observed many plants' roots.

II. All these plants' roots were found to grow downward.

1) I am a botanist

2) Some plants' roots grow downward

3) A plant's root grows downward

4) Most of the plants' roots grow downward

Solution:

According to the above-given statement –

First option: I am a botanist.

A botanist refers to a person who studies plants. From the above statement, it can be said that anybody can observe the plants. It's not necessary to become a botanist to observe the plant.

Second option: Some plants' roots grow downward.

It's clear from the above statement that all plants' roots grow downwards not some. Hence, it's incorrect.

Third option: A plant's root grows downward.

This option proves the above statement correct as it states that a plant's root grows downward.

Fourth option: Most of the plants' roots grow downward.

This option states about most of the plants' roots but, according to the statement, it's clear that all plants' roots grow downward.

Therefore, from the above, we can say that the third option satisfies the statement. Hence, the third option is correct.

Question Weightage of Critical Reasoning in Competitive Exams

The number of questions based on critical reasoning varies from exam to exam -
1) Critical reasoning questions asked in Banking exams i.e. SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS Clerk, IBPS PO, IBPS RRB PO, IBPS RRB Clerk - 1 to 5 questions

2) Critical reasoning questions asked in SSC exams i.e. SSC MTS, SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC CPO, Steno - 1 to 3 questions.

3) Critical reasoning questions asked in the Railways exam i.e. Group D, NTPC, JE, ALP etc - 1 to 3 questions.

4) Critical reasoning questions asked in CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT, KMAT, APICET, CUET, NPAT and other college entrance exams - 2 to 3 questions. Sometimes questions based on critical reasoning can be seen in CSAT and IB exams as well.

5) The candidates must practice GMAT critical reasoning questions pdf, critical reasoning questions pdf, GMAT critical reasoning pdf available online to ace the topic critical reasoning.

Critical Reasoning Practice Questions with Answers PDF Download

This section provides a comprehensive critical reasoning questions with solutions PDF for practice, covering important question types like assumptions, inferences, and argument evaluation. It will help you improve accuracy, speed, and logical thinking for competitive exams.

Download Now: Critical Reasoning Questions with Solutions PDF

Practice Questions For Critical Reasoning

1. Directions: A statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II. Consider the given statement as true and decide which conclusions logically follow/s from the given statement.

Statement:

The Prime Minister has made clear that his government will make a concerted effort to uplift poor farmers and announce an annual pension for them.

Conclusions:

I. The Government understands that the condition of poor farmers needs immediate attention.

II. No benefits are announced for other sections of society.

1) Both conclusions I and II follow

2) Only conclusion I follows

3) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

4) Only conclusion II follows

Solution:

Let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion (I): The Government understands that the condition of poor farmers needs immediate attention:

This conclusion follows as the PM announced the annual pension for farmers.

Conclusion (II): No benefits are announced for other sections of society:

No such information for other sections is provided. So, this conclusion doesn't follow.

So, the only conclusion I follows. Hence, the second option is correct.

2. Directions: In this question, a statement is followed by two courses of action, numbered I and II. You must assume everything in the statement to be true and based on the information given in the statement, decide which course of action/s logically follows for pursuing.

Statement: A large number of the people of the city are diagnosed to be suffering from Malaria disease.

Courses of Action:

I. The city municipal authorities should take immediate steps to carry out extensive fumigation in the city.

II. The people in the area should be advised to take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

1) Both I and II follow

2) Only II follows

3) Only I follows

4) Neither I nor II follows

Solution:

Given:

Statement: A large number of the people of the city are diagnosed to be suffering from Malaria disease.

Let's analyse the courses of action that can be undertaken –

I. The city municipal authorities should take immediate steps to carry out extensive fumigation in the city – The reason for the increase in malaria cases is due to the presence of mosquitoes, caused by poor drainage systems and open sewage lines. As a result, water accumulates on the ground, providing a breeding ground for mosquitoes. To tackle this problem, the municipal authorities should cover the drainage systems properly and maintain cleanliness by regularly cleaning the roads and open sewage lines. Additionally, the authorities can also use mosquito repellent gas to prevent further mosquito breeding.

II. The people in the area should be advised to take steps to avoid mosquito bites –The community can take measures such as avoiding littering in their surroundings, not keeping any stagnant water in their homes, and implementing other steps to keep mosquitoes away.

So, both I and II follow. Hence, the first option is correct.

3. Directions: A situation is given, followed by two conclusions I and II. Read the situation and both the conclusions carefully and select the correct answer.

Situation:

Since the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world’s pottery market come from Country K. However, the employment in the pottery industry of Country K has been consistently declining by 5 - 9% every year since the past 3 years.

Conclusions:

I. Even after declining employment, Country K has enough potters to continue contributing equally to the international market.

II. The local demand for pottery in Country K has substantially decreased leading to less interest among potters.

1) Neither I nor II can be concluded

2) Only II can be concluded

3) Only I can be concluded

4) Both I and II can be concluded

Solution

Given:

Situation:

Since the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world’s pottery market come from Country K. However, the employment in the pottery industry of Country K has been consistently declining by 5-9% every year since the past 3 years.

Let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion (I): Even after declining employment, Country K has enough potters to continue contributing equally to the international market – It is evident from the statement that for the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world's pottery market have been coming from Country K. Even though there has been a consistent decline in employment in the pottery industry of Country K for the past 3 years, their contribution to the market remains unchanged.

Conclusion (II): The local demand for pottery in Country K has substantially decreased leading to less interest among potters – In the given statement, there is no mention of a decrease in local demand resulting in less interest from potters.

So, only the first conclusion can be concluded. Hence, the third option is correct.

4. Directions: In this question, a statement is followed by two courses of action, numbered I and II. You must assume everything in the statement to be true and based on the information given in the statement, decide which course of action/s logically follows for pursuing.

Statement: There is a large increase in the migration of villagers to urban areas as repeated crop failure has put them into financial problems.

Courses of action:

I. The villagers should be provided with an alternate source of income in their villages which will make them stay there only.

II. To ensure their survival, the migrated villagers should be given access to all housing options in urban areas.

1) Only II follows

2) Both I and II follow

3) Neither I nor II follows

4) Only I follows

Solution:

Given:

Statement: There is a large increase in the migration of villagers to urban areas as repeated crop failure has put them into financial problems.

Let's analyse the courses of action –

I. The villagers should be provided with an alternate source of income in their villages which will make them stay there only – Yes, the villagers should be provided with an alternative source of income in their villages as crop production is weather-dependent. This would prevent migration to urban areas.

II. To ensure their survival, the migrated villagers should be given access to all housing options in urban areas – The villagers are migrating to urban areas by their own choice. Therefore, it is not the government's responsibility to ensure their survival.

So, only the first course of action follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

5. Directions: In this question, a statement is followed by two courses of action, numbered I and II. You must assume everything in the statement to be true and based on the information given in the statement, decide which of the course of action/s logically follows for pursuing.

Statement: Some serious mistakes were found in the technical section of the company.

Courses of Action:

I. An efficient technical team should be appointed to check the technical errors.

II. A reason explanation notice should be issued to all the employees involved in the irregularities.

1) Neither I nor II follows

2) Only I follows

3) Only II follows

4) Both I and II follow

Solution:

Given:

Statement: Some serious mistakes were found in the technical section of the company.

Let's analyse the courses of action –

I. An efficient technical team should be appointed to check the technical errors – The statement here demands finding out the root cause of the technical error. Therefore, an efficient technical team should be appointed.

II. A reason explanation notice should be issued to all the employees involved in the irregularities – The statement here demands finding out the root cause of the technical error, and the people involved in this, and finding a solution to the mistake. Therefore, an explanation notice should be issued.

So, both the course of action follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

6. Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statement:

Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production contaminates soil and water, remains in the crops, and finally enters the food chain, thereby posing a threat to human beings.

Inferences:

I. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production is not good for people.

II. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production can have a bad effect on water.

1) If only II follows

2) If neither I nor II follows

3) If only I follows

4) If both I and II follow

Solution

Given:

Statement:

Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production contaminates soil and water, remains in the crops, and finally enters the food chain, thereby posing a threat to human beings.

Inferences:

I. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production is not good for people – From the given statement, it is evident that extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production when entering the food chain, poses a threat to human beings. Pesticides in the food chain will directly harm the health of people.

II. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production can have a bad effect on water – From the given statement, it is evident that extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production when used in the soil will also contaminate the groundwater which people use for drinking purposes.

So, both I and II follow. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

7. Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statement:

National Expressway – A is the widest expressway and is used by a few people. When people find an empty and wide road, people drive at high speed, which leads to accidents.

Inference:

I. All accidents happen due to overspeeding.

II. High speed increases the risk of accidents.

1) If only I follows

2) If both I and II follow

3) If only II follows

4) If neither I nor II follows

Solution

Given:

Statement:

National Expressway – A is the widest expressway and is used by a few people. When people find an empty and wide road, people drive at high speed, which leads to accidents.

Inference:

I. All accidents happen due to overspeeding – In the above-given statement, it is not mentioned whether all or some accidents happen due to overspeeding. Thus, this inference does not follow.

II. High speed increases the risk of accidents – In the above-given statement, it is mentioned that when people drive at high speed it leads to accidents. Thus, this inference follows.

So, only II follows. Hence, the third option is correct.

8. Directions: One statement followed by two inferences is given. Assuming that the given statement is true even if it appears to be at variance from commonly known facts, decide which of the given inferences logically follows from the statement.

Statement:

In a football match between Team X and Team Y, the total number of goals scored by Team Y was 5, out of which 3 goals were scored by a left-footed player.

Estimate:

I. The left-footed player was adept at scoring goals.

II. 60% of the players of Team Y are left-footed.

1) Both I and II follow

2) Only II follows

3) Neither I nor II follow

4) Only I follows

Solution

Let's check the Estimates –

Estimate I: The left-footed player was adept at scoring goals.

From the given statement, it cannot be concluded that the left-footed players were adept at scoring goals. So, this estimate does not follow.

Estimate II: 60% of the players of team Y are left-footed.

From the given statement, it cannot be concluded that 60% of the players of Team Y are left-footed. So, this estimate does not follow.

So, neither I nor II follow. Hence, the third option is correct.

9. Directions: In the following question, one statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statements:

All philosophers are men. Socrates was a philosopher.

Conclusions:

I. Socrates was a man.

II. Women cannot become philosophers.

1) Only I is valid

2) Only II is valid

3) Both are not valid

4) Both are valid

Solution:

According to the above-given statement,

Conclusion I: Socrates was a man.

Since all philosophers are men and Socrates was a philosopher, it can be concluded that Socrates was a man.

Conclusion II: Women cannot become philosophers.

Also, since all philosophers are men, it can be concluded that women cannot become philosophers as there is no information given related to women.

Therefore, the correct answer is both conclusion I and conclusion II are valid. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

10. Directions: In the following questions, some statements are given followed by two / three conclusions / Assumptions respectively. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.

Statement:

It is desirable to put the child in school at the age of 5 or so.

Assumptions:

I: At this age, the child reaches the appropriate level of development and is ready to learn.

II: The schools do not admit children after 6 years of age.

1) Only assumption I is implicit

2) Only assumption II is implicit

3) Neither assumption I nor II is implicit

4) Both assumptions I and II are implicit

Solution

According to the given statement –

Assumptions (I): At this age, the child reaches the appropriate level of development and is ready to learn.

According to the given statements we can assume that at the age of 5, a child has reached a suitable level of development for learning. Therefore, this assumption can be true.

Assumptions (II): The schools do not admit children after 6 years of age.

In the given statement it is not given that schools do not admit children after 6 years of age so, this assumption is false.

Therefore, only assumption I follows. Hence, the first option is correct.

Verbal Reasoning Topics

The candidates who are preparing for the upcoming entrance and Government exams can also refer to the links given below and master the reasoning ability section:

11. Directions: A student is caught cheating on her test. What would you do in this situation?

1) Warn her and let her off

2) Warn her and give her counselling

3) Tell her parents

4) Put her name on the board

Solution

Given:

A student is caught cheating on her test.

Let's check each option –

First option: Warn her and let her off.

This is not the correct action because only a warning is not sufficient it requires proper guidance so he/she does not make the same mistake again.

Second option: Warn her and give her counselling.

This is the right course of action as it requires a warning as well as counselling. So that he knows the consequences of this mistake and does not make the same mistake again.

Third option: Tell her parents.

Tell her parents is not the correct and immediate action.

Fourth option: Put up her name on the board.

This is not the correct action this will down her confidence level.

Hence, the second option is correct.

12. Directions: In the following question, one statement is given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the one statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.

Statement:

Cactus plants are fresh but need the least water.

Conclusions:

I. All fresh plants are cactus.

II. Cactus plants need the least water.

1) Neither I not II follows

2) Only II follows

3) Both I and II follows

4) Only I follows

Solution:

According to the above-given statement,

Conclusions (I): All fresh plants are cactus.

This conclusion is false as in the given statement we have information related to only cactus that cactus plants are fresh but need the least water but it is not given that all fresh plants are cactus.

Conclusion (II): Cactus plants need the least water.

This conclusion is true as it is given in the statement that cactus plants are fresh but need the least water.

Therefore, only conclusion II follows. Hence, the second option is correct.

13. Directions: In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions can be drawn from the given statements.

Statements:

(a) All cupboards are watches.

(b) All watches are costly.

Inferences:

I. All cupboards are costly.

II. Some costly things are cupboards.

1) Only inference I follows

2) Only inference II follows

3) Both of them follow

4) Neither of them follows

Solution:

Let's analyse the given inferences –

Inference I: All cupboards are costly.

This conclusion can be drawn from the given statements. Since all cupboards are watches and all watches are costly. Therefore, all cupboards are costly is a true inference.

Inference II: Some costly things are cupboards.

This conclusion can be drawn from the given statements. Since all watches are costly, and all cupboards are watches, it follows that some costly things (watches) are cupboards.

Therefore, both conclusions can be drawn from the given statements. Hence, the third option is correct.

14. Directions: Consider the statements to be true and decide which of the given conclusions/assumptions can be drawn from the given statements.

Statements :

All states having dams face no water problem.

One of the states has no dam.

Conclusions :

I. It may be facing a water problem.

II. Dams solve the water problem.

1) Only conclusion I follows

2) Only conclusion II follows

3) Both conclusion I and conclusion II follow

4) Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows

Solution:

Conclusion I: It may be facing a water problem.

The statement says that those states that have dams do not face water problems. As such, it can be said that previously they were facing water problems, that is why, dams have been constructed. Hence, this conclusion follows from the above statements.

Conclusion II: Dams solve the water problem.

From the above statements, it can be said that after dams have been built, the states are no longer facing water problems. Hence, this conclusion follows from the above statement.

Therefore, both conclusion I and conclusion II follow. Hence, the third option is correct.

15. Directions: Consider the statement to be true and decide which of the given conclusions or assumptions can be drawn from the given statement.

Statement:

The situation calls for an immediate action.

Assumptions:

I. The situation is serious.

II. Immediate action is possible.

1) Only I is an assumption

2) Only II is an assumption

3) Both I and II are assumptions

4) Neither I nor II is an assumption

Solution:

Assumption I: The situation is serious.

According to the statement, the situation calls for immediate action. Therefore, we can assume that the situation is serious.

Assumption II: Immediate action is possible.

According to the statement, the situation calls for immediate action. Therefore, we can assume that immediate action is possible.

So, both I and II are assumptions. Hence, the third option is correct.

Critical Reasoning Questions for TANCET/ IBSAT/ UPESMET

1) Directions: In the following question, a statement is given, followed by two arguments, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given arguments, if any, follows from the given statement.

Statement:

Should rock shows be allowed to run till midnight at tourist places?

Arguments:

I. Yes, more tourists arrive due to rock shows. Tourism is good for the local economy.

II. No, local traditions are harmed due to tourism.

1) If only argument I is strong

2) If only argument II is strong

3) If both I and II are strong

4) If neither I nor II is strong

Hint: Evaluate the arguments logically as per the given statement, and refrain from making assumptions beyond the provided information.

Solution

According to the given statement –

Argument I: Yes, more tourists arrive due to rock shows. Tourism is good for the local economy – If rock shows attract more tourists, and tourism is beneficial for the local economy, allowing rock shows till midnight supports economic growth. Therefore, this argument strongly supports the given statement.

Argument II: No, local traditions are harmed due to tourism – The statement doesn't mention any direct conflict between local traditions and tourism. Therefore, argument II does not support the given statement.

Therefore, the only argument I is strongly support the given statement. Hence, the first option is correct.

2) Directions: Consider the statements to be true and decide which of the given conclusions/assumptions can be drawn from the given statements.

Statements:

When water is cooled, it turns into ice.

When water is heated, it turns into steam.

Conclusions:

I. Water is a solid.

II. Water is a gas.

1) Only conclusion I follows

2) Only conclusion II follows

3) Both conclusions I and II follow

4) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Hint: Evaluate the conclusions logically within the framework of the given statements and refrain from making assumptions beyond the provided information.

Solution

Conclusion I: Water is a solid.

The given statements do not state that water is a solid. It states that when water is cooled, turns into ice. The statement mentions the formation and not what it is.

Conclusion II: Water is a gas.

The given statements do not state that the water is a gas. It states that water when heated, turns into steam. The statement mentions the formation and not what it is.

So, neither conclusion I nor II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Critical Reasoning Questions for JIPMAT/ KMAT

1) Directions: Consider the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the following conclusions or assumptions be drawn from the given statements.

Statements:

I. Odisha is still an underdeveloped state.

II. Problems like poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy have not been solved.

Conclusions:

I. The administration of Odisha is not sensitive enough.

II. It is the will of God.

1) Only I follows

2) Only II follows

3) Both I and II follow

4) Neither I nor II follows

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate with the given conclusions.

Solution

Let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion I: The administration of Odisha is not sensitive enough.

According to the given statement, Odisha is an underdeveloped state and it has problems like poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy but for all these, we cannot blame the administration of Odisha because there may be other factors that can affect the underdeveloped Odisha. Therefore, this conclusion doesn't follow.

Conclusion II: It is the will of God.

According to the given statement, Odisha is an underdeveloped state and it has problems like poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy for all, but we cannot conclude the fact that it is the will of God. Therefore, this conclusion doesn't follow.

So, neither conclusion I nor II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

2) Directions: Consider the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the following conclusions or assumptions be drawn from the given statements.

Statements:

I. Life means stress and strain.

II. Stress and strain have an adverse effect on life.

Conclusions:

I. Life is not worth living.

II. One should avoid stress and strain in life.

1) Only conclusion I follows

2) Only conclusion II follows

3) Both conclusions I and II follow

4) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate with the given conclusions.

Solution

Let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion I: Life is not worth living.

According to the statement, life is full of stress and strain, and it hurts life but it does not mean that life is not worth living. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.

Conclusion II: One should avoid stress and strain in life.

According to the statement, as we know stress and strain have so many bad effects in our lives. So, we should avoid them as much as possible. Therefore, this conclusion follows.

So, only conclusion II follows. Hence, the second option is correct.

Critical Reasoning Questions CAT/ XAT/MAT/GMAT

The candidates must attempt all the practice questions given below. The critical reasoning GMAT questions, CAT, XAT and MAT questions are important from the examination point of view for every candidate.

1) Directions: Consider the given statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the following conclusions or assumptions be drawn from the given statement.

Statement:

Laugh and the world will laugh with you.

Assumptions:

I. People generally laugh.

II. Laughter symbolizes happiness.

1) Only I is an assumption

2) Only II is an assumption

3) Both I and II are assumptions

4) Neither I nor II is an assumption

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate it with the given assumptions.

Solution

Let's analyse the assumptions –

Assumption I: People generally laugh.

According to the statement, when we laugh then the whole world will laugh with us. But it does not state that people are always generally laughing. Therefore, this assumption is false.

Assumption II: Laughter symbolizes happiness.

According to the statement, when we laugh then the whole world will laugh with us. But it does not state that every laughter symbolizes happiness. It is not necessary that behind every laugh there is happiness. Therefore, this assumption is false.

So, neither assumption I nor assumption II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

2) Directions: Consider the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the following conclusions or assumptions be drawn from the given statement.

Statements:

I. All that glitter is not gold.

II. Sujatha wears gold ornament.

Conclusions:

I. Sujatha's ornament glitters.

II. Sujatha's ornament does not glitter.

1) Only conclusion I follows

2) Only conclusion II follows

3) Both conclusions I and II follow

4) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate with the given conclusions.

Solution

Let's analyse the conclusions –

Conclusion I: Sujatha's ornament glitters.

According to the statement, all that glitters is not gold. Here, Sujatha wears a gold ornament which may or may not glitter. Therefore, this conclusion doesn't follow.

Conclusion II: Sujatha's ornament does not glitter.

According to the statement, all that glitters is not gold. Here, Sujatha wears a gold ornament which may or may not glitter. Therefore, this conclusion doesn't follow.

So, neither conclusion I nor II follows. Hence, the fourth option is correct.

Critical Reasoning Questions for Bank PO/ SSC exams

1) Directions: In this question, the statements are followed by two assumptions, I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the following assumptions follows from the given statements.

Statements:

I. Only good singers are invited to the conference.

II. No one without a sweet voice is a good singer.

Assumptions:

I. All invited singers at the conference have a sweet voice.

II. Those singers who do not have a sweet voice are not invited to the conference.

1) Only I follows

2) Neither I nor II follows

3) Both I and II follow

4) Only II follows

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate with the given conclusions.

Solution

Assumption I: All invited singers at the conference have a sweet voice.

The given statements state that all the invited singers in the conference have a sweet voice. As it is mentioned in the statement only good singers are invited to the conference and no one without a sweet voice is a good singer. Therefore, this assumption follows from the given statements.

Assumption II: Those singers who do not have a sweet voice are not invited to the conference.

The given statements state that those singers who do not have a sweet voice are not invited to the conference, which means only good singers are invited to the conference. Therefore, this assumption follows from the given statements.

So, both I and II follow. Hence, the third option is correct.

2) Directions: One or two statements are given, each followed by two conclusions or assumptions, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions or assumptions, if any, follows from the given statement.

Statement: If people are intelligent, they should be creative.

Conclusions / Assumptions:

I. Creativity and intelligence are related.

II. Creative people are intelligent.

1) Only conclusion I follows

2) Only conclusion II follows

3) Both conclusions I and II follow

4) Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Hint: Examine the statement very carefully and then co-relate with the given conclusions.

Solution

Conclusion I: Creativity and intelligence are related.

According to the given statement, there is a relationship between intelligence and creativity. Therefore, this conclusion follows.

Conclusion II: Creative people are intelligent.

According to the statement, it means that intelligent people should be creative but it does not mean that creative people must be intelligent. Therefore, this conclusion does not follow.

So, the only conclusion I follows. Hence, the first option is correct.

Best Books for Critical Reasoning Preparation

Choosing the right books is essential to master critical reasoning questions with answers, improve analytical thinking, and perform well in competitive exams. Here is a well-structured table of the best books for critical reasoning and logical reasoning preparation:

These books are highly recommended for building a strong foundation in critical reasoning, practicing different question types, and improving overall performance in competitive exams.

Common Mistakes in Solving Critical Reasoning Questions

Many aspirants make errors while solving critical reasoning questions in exams like CUET, VITEEE, MAH MBA CET, IPMAT, SSC, and CAT by misinterpreting statements or rushing through options. Understanding common pitfalls helps in avoiding mistakes and improving accuracy. Below are the frequent mistakes to watch out for.

Misinterpreting the Question Stem

One of the most common mistakes in critical reasoning questions for competitive exams is misreading the question stem. Many aspirants fail to identify whether the question is asking for an assumption, inference, or conclusion. Carefully analyzing the stem improves accuracy in CUET, CAT, CLAT, and SSC exams.

Confusing Assumptions with Conclusions

Students often mix up assumptions and conclusions in critical reasoning practice tests. An assumption is something taken for granted, while a conclusion is drawn from the given facts. Understanding this difference is essential for solving logical reasoning questions for banking exams and MBA entrance tests.

Ignoring Logical Flow of Arguments

Another mistake in critical reasoning aptitude tests is neglecting the logical sequence of statements. Skipping this step can lead to wrong answers. Maintaining the flow of arguments helps in solving statement and argument reasoning questions more effectively.

Rushing Without Eliminating Wrong Options

In competitive exams, candidates often rush through questions. Without using the elimination method in reasoning questions, they end up selecting trap options. Taking time to remove irrelevant choices increases accuracy in critical reasoning multiple-choice questions.

Tricks and Shortcuts for Critical Reasoning

Cracking critical reasoning questions in exams like CUET, VITEEE, MAH MBA CET, IPMAT, SSC, and CAT requires smart tricks and shortcuts to save time and improve accuracy. Using elimination methods, spotting keywords, and analyzing arguments strategically can make solving these questions faster. Below are some effective tips and shortcuts for critical reasoning.

Identifying Keywords in the Question

Spotting important keywords such as only, always, must, cannot, etc., is a quick shortcut for critical reasoning for competitive exams. These words change the meaning of the argument and help in pinpointing the correct option faster.

Applying Elimination Method for Accuracy

The elimination technique in reasoning exams is one of the best ways to avoid confusion. Removing extreme or irrelevant options allows you to focus on the most logical answer, especially in MBA entrance exams like CAT and IPMAT.

Breaking Down Arguments Step by Step

Instead of reading long arguments in one go, breaking them into smaller parts makes critical reasoning questions with long passages easier to handle. This step-by-step approach is highly effective in law entrance exams like CLAT.

Practicing Past Papers for Pattern Recognition

Solving previous year critical reasoning questions and answers PDF helps students recognize common patterns. Regular practice builds confidence and improves speed for exams like CUET, SSC CGL, and Banking PO.

How to Prepare for Critical Reasoning in Competitive Exams

Preparing for critical reasoning in competitive exams requires a mix of conceptual clarity, logical practice, and time management. Whether it’s CUET, CAT, SSC, CLAT, or Banking exams, developing the ability to analyze arguments and eliminate wrong choices is key. Below are some focused strategies to strengthen your preparation.

Critical Reasoning in CUET, VITEEE, MAH MBA CET, and IPMAT

Exams such as CUET UG, VITEEE, MAH MBA CET, and IPMAT frequently test students with critical reasoning aptitude questions. Preparing through topic-wise practice and timed quizzes ensures better performance.

Practicing Critical Reasoning Questions in SSC, CAT, CLAT & Banking Exams

Critical reasoning holds great weightage in SSC CGL, CAT, CLAT, and banking exams like IBPS PO and SBI PO. Regularly attempting logical reasoning mock tests helps in mastering these sections and scoring higher.

Using PDFs, Online Quizzes, and Mock Tests for Preparation

A smart way to prepare for critical reasoning for all competitive exams is by using free PDFs, online practice quizzes, and full-length mock tests. These resources simulate the real exam environment and sharpen problem-solving skills.

Non-Verbal Reasoning Topics

For competitive exams like CUET, VITEEE, MAH MBA CET, IPMAT, SSC, and Banking, mastering non-verbal reasoning topics is essential to boost logical thinking and problem-solving speed. These topics test visual analysis, patterns, and spatial reasoning skills. Below are the key non-verbal reasoning areas to focus on.

About the Faculty
Tanu Gupta, with over a decade of experience as a reasoning faculty, specializes in preparing students for various entrance examinations and career development. Her extensive work with multiple educational platforms and institutions has honed her expertise in logical and analytical thinking. Her dedication to innovative teaching methods ensures these articles provide practical insights and expert guidance.